Chapter 12 Flashcards by Isaura Ramirez

Name the largest papillae of the tongue

Circum vallate

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Sour is best tasted in which portion of the tongue?

Sides

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What type of sensory organs are the gustatory organs?

Taste

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What type of stimulus is required for olfactory reception to occur?

A few molecules

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Name the five primary taste sensations.

Sour
Sweet
Salty
Bitter
Umami

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What is lacking in he blind spot so that it has no vision capability

Rods and cones

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Name structures that protect the eye

Eyebrows
Eyelashes
Eyelids

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What is the term we use to describe the closest distance at which sharp focus is attained by the eyes?

Near point

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The thin transparent mucous membrane covering the anterior of the eye and lining the eyelids

Conjunctiva

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The ability of the eyes to focus together so that we see only one image and have depth perception

Binocular vision

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A touch receptor is an example of this type of receptor

Mechano receptor

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The process that adjusts the lens for near vision

Accommodation

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Light energy initiates nerve impulses in what structure?

Retina

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A sex linked trait; lacking cones

Color blindness

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In what area of the eyes are cones are most densely concentrated?

Central focea

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The colored part of the eye

Iris

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A kind of pain often experienced by people suffering a heart attack

Referred

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What receptors work to allow color vision?

The three kinds of cones

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What is the term we use to describe bringing each eyes to focus at the same point?

Convergence

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The bending of light rays as they pass from the air through the cornea and lens

Refraction

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List the accessory structures of the eye.

Eyebrows
Lacrimal apparatus muscles
Eyelashes

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Where does most of our refractor occur?

Cornea

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The outermost layer of the retina that contains melanin to absorb light rays

Pigment epithelium

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The structures that provides blood for the eye and absorbs scattered light

Chroid

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In what area do humans have the sharpest vision

Central fovea

That what process are the macular and semicircular canals involved?

Equilibrium

The equilibrium apparatus concerned with maintaining posture

Maculae (of the vestibule)

The structure(s) for dynamic(motion) equilibrium

Canals semicircular canals

What makes up the bony labyrinth?

Semicircular canals Vestibule Cochlea

The war structure that converts sound waves into vibrations

Tumpanic membrane

A balance disorder which causes a person to feel that they are going around in space and are extremely dizzy

Vertigo

A disorder cause by fusion of the bones of the middle ear (otosclerosis)

Conduction deafness

A constant ringing in the ears

Tinnitus

The structure that helps equalize air pressure on the tympanic membrane (auditory tube)

Eustachian tube

A disorder caused by nonfunctional organs of Corti within the choclea

Sensorineural deafness

What is created when hair cells come in contact with the tectorial membrane?

Air impulse

What is the purpose of static equilibrium?

Balance

Sound waves directly cause what structure to vibrate?

Tumpanic membrane

Nonciceptors are receptors of _______.

Pain

Block the formation of chemicals that stimulate the nonciceptor

Analgesics

Responsible for vision in bright light

Cones

Responsible for vision in dim light

Rods

Changes the shape of the lens

Ciliary muscles

Controls light entry into eyes

Iris

Focus light onto he retina

Lens

Central area of retina

Maculalutea

Nearsightedness

Myopia

Farsightness

Hyeopia

Focusing of light rays behind the retina

Hyperopia

Corrected by convex corrective lens

Hyperopia

Fluid in the anterior cavity of the eye

Aqueous humor

Excess fluid pressure in the eye

Glacoma

Clouding of the lens and/or cornea

Cataract

Lens that has lost its elasticity with age

Presbyopia

Fluid in he posterior cavity of the eye

Vitreous humor

Normal vision

Enmeteopoa

Irregular curvature of the lens or cornea

Astigmatism

How many molecules of a substance need to be present in air to be smelled?

Only a few

How are taste and smell related?

Much of what we perceive as taste is actually smell

These papillae cover most of the surface of the tongue and rarely contain taste buds.

Filiform

The lateral edges of the tongue are more sensitive to what substances?

Sour

What substances maintains the pressure on the eye?

Aqueous humor

Where does the aqueous humor drain?

Into the blood

The structure commonly known as the "white" of the eye.

Sclera

What is the shape of the lens when you view distant objects?

Flat

Which type of equilibrium refers to the maintenance of body position (as in posture)

Static

The nerve that carries impulses from our eyes to the occipital lobe of the brain

Optic