Chapter 12

Question 1

emotions

Answer 1

a response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.

Question 2

James-Lange

Answer 2

arousal comes before emotion

Question 3

Cannon-Bard

Answer 3

arousal and emotion occur simultaneously

Question 4

two-factor theory

Answer 4

general arousal+ cognitive label

Question 5

lazarus theory

Answer 5

appraisal defines emotion

Question 6

facial feedback effect

Answer 6

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.

Question 7

Carol Izard 10 basic emotions:

Answer 7

joy, interest-excitement, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, and guilt.

Question 8

catharsis

Answer 8

emotional release. the catharsis hypothesis maintains that releasing aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges

Question 9

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Answer 9

tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

Question 10

subjective well-being

Answer 10

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being to evaluate people’s quality of life.

Question 11

adaptation-level phenomenon

Answer 11

tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Question 12

relative deprivation

Answer 12

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares onese.f

Question 13

behavior medicine

Answer 13

subfield that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease

Question 14

health psychologist

Answer 14

subfield of psych that provides psychology’s contributions to behavioral medicine

Question 15

stress

Answer 15

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challening

Question 16

3 main types of stress

Answer 16

catastrophe, significant life changes, and daily hassles

Question 17

what triggers stress hormones

Answer 17

extreme cold, lack of oxygen, and emotion-arousing events

Question 18

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 18

concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in 3 phases–alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

Question 19

tend-and-befriend

Answer 19

under stress, people often provide support to others and bond with and seek support from others

Question 20

psychophysiological illness

Answer 20

any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches

Question 21

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 21

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

Question 22

lymphocytes

Answer 22

2 types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system

Question 23

b lymps

Answer 23

form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections;

Question 24

t lymphs

Answer 24

form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.

Question 25

macrophage

Answer 25

identifies, pursues, and ingests harmful invaders and wornout cells

Question 26

natural killer cells

Answer 26

pursue diseased cells

Question 27

coronary heart disease

Answer 27

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries

Question 28

coping

Answer 28

alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods

Question 29

problem-focused coping

Answer 29

attempting to alleviate stress directly--by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

Question 30

emotion-focused coping

Answer 30

attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction