Chapter 4

Question 1

Behavior genetics

Answer 1

the study of the nature v nurture

Question 2

environment

Answer 2

every non-genetic influence

Question 3

chromosome

Answer 3

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

contains the genetic information that make up the chromosomes

Question 5

genes

Answer 5

the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein

Question 6

genome

Answer 6

the compolete instructions for making an organism

Question 7

temperament

Answer 7

a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Question 8

molecular genetics

Answer 8

the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes

Question 9

heritability

Answer 9

amount or extenet that differences among people are attributed to genes

Question 10

Interaction

Answer 10

the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor depends on another factor

Question 11

epigenetics

Answer 11

the study of influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

Question 12

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 12

the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind

Question 13

natural selection

Answer 13

traits that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Question 14

artifical selection

Answer 14

biologists like belyaev were able to artificially rear and domesticate foxes

Question 15

mutation

Answer 15

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change

Question 16

Mating preferences?

Answer 16

males look for youthfal appearing females to pass his genes to the future
females look for maturity, dominance, affluence, and boldness

Question 17

Experience and how it affects brain development

Answer 17

enriched environment = greater brain development

rosenzqeigh rats experiment

Question 18

peer influence

Answer 18

children, like adults, attempt to fit into a group by conforming. we want to be popular

Question 19

culture

Answer 19

the enduring behaviors, attitudes, values, and raditions shared by a group of people transmitted from one generation to the next.

Question 20

norm

Answer 20

understood rule accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe “proper” behavior.

Question 21

individualism

Answer 21

giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

Question 22

collectivism

Answer 22

giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly

Question 23

differences between westernized cultures

Answer 23

western:

• responsible for yourself
• follow your conscience
• discover your gifts
• be true to yourself
• be independent

asian-african culture:

• responsible to group
• priority to obedience
• be true to family-self
• be loyal to your group
• be interdependent

Question 24

similarities between everyone

Answer 24

same genetic profile, life cycle, capacity for language, and biological needs

Question 25

testoterone

Answer 25

- most important male sex hormone | - stimulates growth/development of the male sex organs

Question 26

role

Answer 26

set of expectations about a social position

Question 27

gender roles

Answer 27

set of expected behaviors for males or for females

Question 28

social learning theory

Answer 28

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitation and by being rewarded or punished

Question 29

gender identity

Answer 29

our sense of being male or female

Question 30

gender typing

Answer 30

the acquisition of a tradition masculine or feminine role.

Question 31

gender-schemas

Answer 31

children experience what their culture says is appropriate