Chapter 12: Cognitive-behavior Interventions

Question 1

Who are the undisputed originators of cognitive behavioral treatment?

Answer 1

Aaron beck and Albert Ellis

Question 2

Cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT)

Answer 2

• Improves psychological functioning; corrects
maladaptive thinking and behaving
• Changes thoughts and feelings about self, others,and unpleasant situations beyond control
• Enhances problem solving, communication

Question 3

Cognitive perspective

Answer 3

• Thoughts influence emotions and behaviors
– Clinicians and clients work together to identify, remove maladaptive thinking

Question 4

Cognition

Answer 4

Thoughts about events, situations in environment

Question 5

ABC Model

Answer 5

– A: activating event, activity, and adversity
– B: beliefs
– C: emotional and behavioral consequences

Question 6

What is the ABC model?

Answer 6

Different disorder have diffrent maladaptive thinking patterns

Question 7

Major depressive disorder

Answer 7

The tendency to see oneself as a failure, the future as hopeless, and to focus on negative aspects of situations

Question 8

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 8

The tendency to overestimate the probability and severity of a crisis (e.g., losing a job)

Question 9

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 9

The belief that others are always very critical and that it’s awful to be evaluated negatively

Question 10

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 10

Overestimates of threat and responsibility, beliefs that intrusive thoughts are highly significant and need to be controlled, and the intolerance of uncertainty and imperfection

Question 11

Panic disorder

Answer 11

The idea that experiencing anxiety is dangerous or harmful (e.g., when my heart beats fast, I worry I’m having a heart attack)

Question 12

Illness anxiety disorder

Answer 12

Beliefs that one is medically ill (despite a lack of evidence) and that any pain or discomfort is a sign of a serious medical problem

Question 13

All or nothing thinking

Answer 13

Seeing things in either “black or white” categories

Question 14

Overgeneralization

Answer 14

Seeing a single negative event as a never-ending pattern

Question 15

Mental filter

Answer 15

Exclusively focusing on a negative aspect(s) of a situation

Question 16

Disqualifying the positive

Answer 16

Rejecting positive experiences by insisting that they do not “count,” for one reason or another

Question 17

Jumping to conclusions

Answer 17

Making negative interpretations without adequate evidence

Question 18

Mind reading

Answer 18

Assuming you know what others are thinking without adequate evidence

Question 19

Catastrophizing

Answer 19

Attributing or anticipating extremely awful consequences to events

Question 20

Emotional reasoning

Answer 20

Assuming that negative emotions necessarily reflect the situational reality

Question 21

Should and musts statements

Answer 21

Endorsing rigid yet arbitrary rules

Question 22

Labeling and mislabeling

Answer 22

Taking one behavior or characteristic of oneself (or others) and applying it to the whole person

Question 23

Personalization

Answer 23

Entirely blaming oneself, or someone else, for a situation that involved many factors or was out of your control

Question 24

Maladaptive thoughts

Answer 24

Endorsing thoughts that are not necessarily irrational or distorted, but are nevertheless unproductive or unhelpful

Question 25

Downward arrow technique

Answer 25

• Identifying a particular adverse event, • Asking the client what this situation means, and • Continuing to ask the same question until one or more dysfunctional thinking patterns is revealed

Question 26

CBT outcome

Answer 26

-lasts 8-20 weeks -When clients learn situational skills application treatment ends -self report also used

Question 27

Collaborative empiricism

Answer 27

-client and practitioner share responsibility for CBT • How client’s maladaptive cognitions lead to maladaptive behavior, distress • Distress can be reduced with healthy cognitions |Collaboratively devise beneficial positive ways of thinking

Question 28

Who developed rational therapy (RT)

Answer 28

Albert Ellis

Question 29

What is Rational therapy

Answer 29

– Based on ABC model; used emotive, metaphorical techniques to change clients’ feelings, behavior (Renamed to rational emotive therapy) (RET)

Question 30

What does rational emotive therapy address?

Answer 30

Irrational beliefs of clients (confront beliefs to become realistic)

Question 31

Demandingness

Answer 31

Absolutistic ideas such as musts, absolute shoulds, have tos, “I need,” and “I ought”

Question 32

Awfulizing

Answer 32

Evaluating something as more than 100% bad

Question 33

Low frustration tolerance

Answer 33

The idea that a struggle (or other situation) is truly unbearable

Question 34

Conditional self/other acceptance

Answer 34

Labeling oneself (or acceptance someone else) based only on a single characteristic or an aspect of behavior

Question 35

Socratic dialogue

Answer 35

-client asked open-ended, direct questions to promote logic • Homework assignments strengthen new thoughts

Question 36

Becks cognitive therapy

Answer 36

-less directive than REBT -uses guided discovery -ABC process (slowed down)

Question 37

What is guided discovery?

Answer 37

Collaborative empiricism

Question 38

Becks cognitive therapy outcome?

Answer 38

-research support for children/adults -as effective as medication for depression -longer lasting effects (Not suitable for all)

Question 39

Cognitive bias modification

Answer 39

-experimental intervention (tasks completed to changed biased thinking) -less conscious way -word sentence association

Question 40

What is a word sentences association

Answer 40

Users make benign changes to ambiguous situations

Question 41

Cognitive bias modification outcomes

Answer 41

-efficiency/effectiveness under study -suitable to clients w/o access to therapy/low intervention -cognitive flexibility -shows low efficiency/improvements not maintained

Question 42

Multi component CBT programs are

Answer 42

-treatment packages that include behavioral and cognitive components -treatments developed for DSM disorders

Question 43

Criticisms of CBT

Answer 43

-developed on European Americans (not diverse sample) -effort required from client for treatment to work -limiting to those with less motivation/ learning disabilities