Chapter 12-Endocrine System Flashcards
These glands secrete substances through ducts.
Exocrine Glands
These glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Endocrine Glands
These hormones bind to receptors located within cells.
Steroids and Thyroid hormones
Hormones not steroid or thyroid bind to receptors where?
On the surface of cells
This is the most prevalent type of feedback, when a hormone is exerted to its desired effect, then inhibits further production until it is needed.
Negative Feedback
This is when the desired effect increases production of the hormone.
Positive Feedback
This is also called they hypophysis and master gland, located in the sella turcica of the brain
Pituitary Gland
This is the basal portion of the diencephalon and regulates the function of the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamohypophyseal portal system is also called?
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
This portion of the pituitary gland is directly connected and continuous to the brain, and hormones produced are called neurohormones.
Posterior Pituitary Lobe (Gland)
Oxytocin and ADH are secreted by this portion of the pituitary gland
Posterior Pituitary Gland
This hormone stimulates growth in most tissues, and increases protein synthesis and use of fats for energy.
Growth Hormone (GH)
This hormone controls the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Increased TSH results in what affect on the body?
Decreased thyroid level called Hypothyroidism
Decreased TSH production results in what affect on the body?
Increased thyroid level called Hyperthyroidism, causing tachycardia, weight loss
These proteins have the same effects as opiate drugs such as morphine and are derived from proopiomelanocortin
Beta-endorphins
This is a large gland situated at the base of the neck that consists of 2 lobes
Thyroid gland
These are embedded in the posterior portion of each lobe of the thyroid, usually 2 pairs (4 in total)
Parathyroid glands
Tetany, which are painful muscle spasms, occur from what disease associated with hyperparathyroidism.
Hypocalcemia
Insulin and Glucagon are produced in specialized group of cells known as?
Islets of Langerhans
Alpha cells within the islets secrete what hormone.
Glucagon
Beta cells within the islets secrete what hormone?
Insulin
These are long polymers of glucose that are stored in the liver until needed.
Glycogen
The most important mineralocorticoid is?
Aldosterone
