Chapter 2-Cells

Question 0

This is the study of body functions in an abnormal state.

Answer 0

Pathophysiology

Question 1

This is the study of the functions of living organisms.

Answer 1

Physiology

Question 2

Viscous liquid matrix that supports all intracellular organelles

Answer 2

Protoplasm or Cytoplasm

Question 3

These periodically interrupt the lipid bilayer and serve as transport, signal receptors, doorways and ion channels.

Answer 3

Proteins

Question 4

Allows normal differences in concentrations between intracellular and extracellular environments to be maintained.

Answer 4

Selective permeability

Question 5

Maintenance of a stable internal physiological environment, which includes temperature, fluid balance and pH balance.

Answer 5

Homeostasis

Question 6

Movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration to produce an even distribution of particles in the space available.

Answer 6

Diffusion

Question 7

The difference in concentrations of the substance on either side of a membrane.

Answer 7

The concentration gradient

Question 8

Movement of a solvent such as water from a lower concentration area to a higher one.

Answer 8

Osmosis

Question 9

Happens when too much water exits the cell during osmosis, resulting in shrinkage.

Answer 9

Crenation

Question 10

Happens when too much water enters the cell during osmosis, causing it to burst.

Answer 10

Lysis

Question 11

Process in which a carrier molecule moves substances in our out of cells from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Energy is not required The number of molecules transported is directly proportional to the concentration.

Answer 11

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 12

Movement of a substance against a concentration gradient and requires energy. Glucose and amino acids are absorbed via this.

Answer 12

Active Transport

Question 13

Process of the movement of water out of plasma across the capillary membrane in the interstitial space. Hydrostatic pressure and Oncotic force work together to create homeostasis.

Answer 13

Filtration

Question 14

Uptake of material into the cell via vesicles that form within the protoplasm.

Answer 14

Endocytosis

Question 15

Release of secretions and waste from the cell.

Answer 15

Exocytosis

Question 16

Happens during endocytosis and involves “eating” solid particles.

Answer 16

Phagocytosis

Question 17

Happens during endocytosis and is often called “cell drinking”

Answer 17

Pinocytosis

Question 18

Part of the cell that contains DNA

Answer 18

Nucleus

Question 19

The organelle that contains RNA and proteins

Answer 19

Ribosomes

Question 20

Set of membranes that are associated with the formation of carbohydrates and complex protein molecules.

Answer 20

Golgi Complex

Question 21

This organelle produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and serves as the metabolic center of the cell.

Answer 21

Mitochondria

Question 22

Division of one cell into two identical and equal “daughter” cells containing 46 chromosomes each (diploid number).

Answer 22

Mitosis

Question 23

Only with sex cells, its the cell division that has the end result of 4 haploid number (23) daughter cells.

Answer 23

Meoisis

Question 24

This is a noncellular layer that secures the overlying tissues.

Answer 24

Basement membrane

Question 25

These are flat sheets of cells that are all attached to the basement membrane. An example would be in the kidneys.

Answer 25

Squamous

Question 26

Rows of squared shaped epithelial cells. Examples would be in the ovaries.

Answer 26

Cuboidal Tissue

Question 27

Rows of tall, thin epithelial cells that vary in heights but all are attached to the basement membrane. Examples would be trachea, or other parts of the respiratory system.

Answer 27

Columnar tissue

Question 28

This type of muscle is striated and voluntary.

Answer 28

Skeletal Muscle

Question 29

This type of muscle is striated and involuntary.

Answer 29

Cardiac Muscle

Question 30

This type of muscle is non-striated and involuntary

Answer 30

Smooth Muscle

Question 31

Main conducting cells of the nerve tissue and include the nucleus and is the site of most cellular functions.

Answer 31

Neurons

Question 32

These receive electrical impulses from the axons of other nerve cells and conduct them toward the cell body. You can also have multiple of these per axon.

Answer 32

Dendrites

Question 33

Typically conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body. Each neuron can only have 1 of these.

Answer 33

Axons

Question 34

Largest organ in the body. It preserves heat, prevents fluid loss and protects against invasion of the body's surface.

Answer 34

Skin

Question 35

The skeletal system is composed of how many bones?

Answer 35

206

Question 36

The point where 2 or more bones come together allowing movement to occur

Answer 36

Joint

Question 37

Shiny connective tissue that is lubricated by synovial fluid, and aids in the movement of joints.

Answer 37

Cartilage

Question 38

Tough white bands of tissue that bind joints together connecting bone to bone and bone to cartilage.

Answer 38

Ligaments

Question 39

Specialized cords or bands of dense white connective tissues that connect muscles to bones.

Answer 39

Tendons

Question 40

This body region includes the extremities and their associated girdles. Includes the axilla, antecubital fossa, and popliteal fossa.

Answer 40

Appendicular region

Question 41

This region consists of the head, neck and trunk

Answer 41

Axial region

Question 42

Meninges include these 3 layers

Answer 42

Dura mater, Arachnoid layer, Pia mater

Question 43

This triangle is bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, anterior midline of the neck, and inferior border of the mandible.

Answer 43

Anterior triangle

Question 44

This triangle lies within the anterior triangle and contains the carotid artery and internal jugular vein.

Answer 44

Carotid Triangle

Question 45

This triangle runs from the posterior portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to the posterior midline of the neck and the base of the skull. Contains numerous lymph nodes, brachial plexus, spinal accessory nerve and a portion of the subclavian artery.

Answer 45

Posterior Triangle

Question 46

Cavities of the trunk are lined by this thin connective tissue.

Answer 46

Serous Membrane

Question 47

This portion of the serous membrane lines the wall of the cavity.

Answer 47

Parietal portion

Question 48

This portion of the cavity covers the internal organs.

Answer 48

visceral portion

Question 49

The lining surrounding the lungs is called what?

Answer 49

Visceral pleura

Question 50

The membrane lining the cavity of the lungs is called what?

Answer 50

Parietal pleura

Question 51

This is the large space between the lungs that holds the heart, major large blood vessels, part of the esophagus, trachea and the mainstem bronchi.

Answer 51

Mediastinum

Question 52

The abdominal cavity is lined with a serous membrane known as the what?

Answer 52

The peritoneum

Question 53

Abdominal organs are attached to the abd wall and receive their blood supply through a membranous double fold of tissue known as?

Answer 53

Mesentery

Question 54

This space is the area located posterior to the parietal peritoneum and includes the Pancreas, Kidneys, Duodenum and other major blood vessels.

Answer 54

Retroperitoneal space