CHAPTER 12 | LEARNING, MEMORY, INTELLIGENCE

Question 1

Memory for personal experiences.

Answer 1

Episodic memory

Question 2

: Crucial for forming and retrieving episodic
memories

Answer 2

Hippocampus

Question 3

Fire in specific spatial locations.

Answer 3

Place cells:

Question 4

Provide spatial framework (entorhinal cortex).

Answer 4

Grid cells

Question 5

Encode sequences of events.

Answer 5

Time cells:

Question 6

Involved in gradual, procedural
learning (e.g., habits).

Answer 6

Striatum (basal ganglia)

Question 7

Like weather prediction tasks; people
can learn patterns without being able to verbalize them.

Answer 7

Probabilistic learning:

Question 8

Important for working memory and
decision-making.

Answer 8

Prefrontal cortex

Question 9

Integrates spatial information.

Answer 9

Parietal lobe

Question 10

Decreased response to repeated stimuli

Answer 10

Habituation:

Question 11

Enhanced response after strong stimulus.

Answer 11

Sensitization

Question 12

• Key process in memory consolidation.
• Occurs in hippocampus.
• Requires NMDA receptors (glutamate receptors).
• Calcium influx triggers enzyme cascades:
  o Activates CaMKII and CREB, which alter gene
  expression.

Answer 12

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

Question 13

Active recall, spaced repetition, exercise, nutrition.

Answer 13

Behavioral strategies:

Question 14

Human intelligence evolved partly due to:

Answer 14

o Cooking, reducing digestive load.
o Efficient brain-body energy use