CHAPTER 5 | EMOTIOSN Flashcards
(25 cards)
cognitive evaluations, subjective changes, autonomic and neural arousal, and impulses to action
EMOTIONS
- independent excitatory effects: (1) feeling of
emotion in the brain and (2) expression of emotion in the autonomic and somatic nervous system - emotional experience and emotional expression as parallel processes without direct causal relation
CANON-BARD THEORY
Components of emotions
Cognitions, feelings, actions, physiological changes
what people experience as emotion is the label they give to their responses
STIMULUS -> PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE -> ATTRIBUTION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSE -> EXPERIENCE OF EMOTION
JAMES-LANGE THEORY
- emotional responses accompany similar emotional states in all members of the species
- emotional expression is a product of evolution
DARWIN’S THEORY
Opposite messages are often signaled by opposite movements and postures
principle of antithesis
motivating force for defensive and aggressive
behaviors, emotional reaction to threat
FEAR
RIGHT-HEMISPHERE MODEL
right hemisphere for all aspects of emotional processing
Can people with spinal cord damage/
injury still experience emotion?
- they are cut off from some of the sensation usually associated with an emotion, but continue to feel important aspects
- continue to have facial expressions and
changes in heart rate
left and right cerebral hemispheres are specialized to perform different emotional functions
BRAIN LATERALIZATION
VALENCE MODEL
- right hemisphere for negative emotions
- left hemisphere for positive emotions
monkeys that underwent bilateral anterior temporal lobectomy became tame subjects that showed no fear in response to stimulus that would terrify norm
KLÜVER-BUCY SYNDROME
inhibits aggression and leads to cautious
behavior that conserves energy
cortisol
inhibits impulsive behaviors
serotonin
thought to control defensive behavior, key in detecting threats and initiating fear
responses.
amygdala
amygdala damaged by stroke
- can classify photos as pleasant versus unpleasant but experience little arousal from viewing unpleasant pictures
- no problem with the cognitive aspect of unpleasant emotions but lacks the feeling aspect
- smaller hippocampus
- severe stress can impair the hippocampus and
cause shrinkage - people with smaller hippocampus tend to rate their experiences as more stressful
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
- frequent periods of anxiety and extreme arousal of the sympathetic nervous system
- abnormalities in the hypothalamus
- decreased GABA and increased orexin
(wakefulness and activity)
PANIC DISORDER
threaten well-being, which may include danger,
physical safety, morale, character, or peace of mind, result of emotion
STRESS
- stress hormone, reacts more slowly but dominates the response to prolonged stressors
- increases metabolic activity in the
hippocampus which makes it more vulnerable to
damage by toxic chemicals or overstimulation
cortisol
GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
Hans Selye
- Alarm - Activation of sympathetic nervous system.
- Resistance – body adapts. sympathetic response declines, but adrenal glands continue secreting cortisol.
- Exhaustion – Energy depletion, vulnerability to illness.
- improves attention and memory formation, especially in the amygdala
- improves performance on habitual skills and simple tasks, but impairs performance that requires complex, flexible thinking
- enhances the immune system
Brief or Moderate Stress
help combat infections but trigger
prostaglandins that reach the hypothalamus
cytokines
impairs immune activity and memory
Prolonged Stress
