Chapter 12 Problem Solving tb

Question 1

Problem Solving

Answer 1

Involves a goal-directed sequence of steps, the cognitive operations used to work through a problem, and can be broken down into a collection of subgoals

Question 2

Goal

Answer 2

In problem solving, the end goal or solution to the problem

Question 3

4 Aspect of Problem Solving

Answer 3

1) Goal Directedness
2) Sequence of Operations
3 Cognitive Operations
4) Subgoal Decomposition

Question 4

Lookahead

Answer 4

refers to how many steps are in the future of a problem solver

Question 5

Operators

Answer 5

Set of legal moves or operations that can occur during solution of a problem

Question 6

Constructive Search

Answer 6

A problem-solving strategy of drawing problem solving inferences based on what is known from other aspects of a problem

Question 7

Negative Set

Answer 7

A tendency to become accustomed to a single approach or way of thinking about a problem that interfere with your ability to generate alternate approaches

Question 8

Multiconstraint theory

Answer 8

claims that we work under three constraints as we develop analogies; related to the similarity of the source and target domains, the structure of the problems, and our purposes and goals in developing the analogies

Question 9

5 steps of means end analysis

Answer 9

1) Set up a goal or subgoal
2) Look for a difference between the current state and the goal or subgoal state
3) Look for an operator that will reduce or eliminate this difference. One such operator is the setting of a new subgoal
4) Apply the operator
5) Apply steps to 2 to 4 repeatedly until all subgoals and the final goal are achieved