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Psychology Test 2 > Chapter 12 - Social Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Social Psychology Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Social Psychology (definition)

A

Study of how thoughts and behaviors are influenced by the presence of other humans

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2
Q

Social influence

A

Process of acting under others’ influence

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3
Q

Forms of social influence

A

Conformity
Compliance
Obedience

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4
Q

Conformity

A

Change behavior without being asked

E.g., cultural norms

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5
Q

Normative social conformity

A

Just try to fit in and adhere to the norm

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6
Q

Informational social conformity

A

Others know more than you, so you follow them because you don’t know what’s going on

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7
Q

Groupthink

A

When maintaining group consensus is more important than assessing facts

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8
Q

Compliance

A

Changing behavior because of other people asking for a change

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9
Q

4 ways to gain compliance

A

Foot-in-the-door
Door-in-the-face
Lowball
That’s-not-all

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10
Q

Foot-in-the-door technique

A

Traveling salesman
Do small ask of “moment of time”
Then pitch big ask of $$$

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11
Q

Door-in-the-face technique

A

Salesman asks for large commitment (big ask)
You say no
Then, salesman offers you small commitment
You thus say yes
E.g., salary negotiation

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12
Q

Lowball technique

A

Person agrees to buy something but cost gets progressively raised
E.g., Netflix subscription, movie theater parking fee, etc.

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13
Q

That’s-not-all technique

A

Infomercial

Definition in the name

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14
Q

Norm of Reciprocity

A

Social idea that one is indebted to another for doing them a favor (e.g., one will buy the other person lunch if vice versa was already done, to reciprocate)
Not social compliance - no ask

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15
Q

Obedience

A

Changing one’s behavior at the command of a perceived authority figure

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16
Q

Social facilitation

A

Presence of others positively impacts performance on easy task
E.g., easy to run with others outdoors than alone on the treadmill

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17
Q

Social impairment

A

Presence of others negatively impacts performance on difficult task
E.g., harder to learn stick shift around others

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18
Q

Social loafing

A

Presence of others makes it more likely one will be a slacker
E.g., deadweight in a group project - the others will do their part, so why bother?

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19
Q

Attitude

A

Positive or negative response toward a thing

Either + or -, neutral not possible

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20
Q

3 components of attitude

A

Affective (emotional)
Cognitive
Behavioral

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21
Q

Affective (emotional) component (attitudes)

A

How one feels about the thing

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22
Q

Cognitive component (attitudes)

A

How one thinks about the thing

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23
Q

Behavioral component (attitudes)

A

How one acts toward the thing

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24
Q

Direct contact (attitudes)

A

Firsthand experience with thing

Best method of forming attitudes

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25
Direct instruction (attitudes)
Secondhand experience with the thing | Not as good unless it's something dangerous, like crack
26
Interaction w/ others (attitudes)
Form attitudes based on those of those around you | E.g., you start to like country music because all your friends like country music (also conformity)
27
Observational learning
E.g., adopt grandparents' attitudes toward different people by imitating their attitudes
28
Steps of Persuasion
1. Know your audience (smart, dumb, adults, children, etc.) 2. Put together message/argument 3. Decide who will deliver the argument (source)
29
Source (persuasion)
Person who delivers the message/argument
30
Elaboration likelihood model (ELM)
People either elaborate (think carefully) about a persuasive message or not
31
Peripheral-route processing
Don't think about facts or message, distract with other stuff E.g., Budweiser commercials focus on partying and social aspects, so no one considers the quality of the beer itself
32
Central-route processing
Appeal to the brain Persuade with the message itself E.g., beer commercial that shows exactly what is in the beer
33
Response to Cognitive Dissonance
1. Change the behavior (stop smoking) 2. Change the cognition (decide smoking isn't that bad) 3. Form new cognition (rationalize - realize it is bad, but justify it by stating they live healthily)
34
Social cognition
Mental processes used to make sense of the social world
35
Schemas
Mental concept of a thing
36
Stereotypes
Mental picture or assumption of what a thing is
37
Impression formation
Can be clouded by stereotype one has about a person
38
Primacy effect
First impression is incredibly strong | Takes a long time to change
39
Attributions
Process of explaining/attributing behavior
40
Dispositional attributions
Attribute behavior to their disposition/character/personality E.g., behavior is due to their generous/cruel character
41
Situational attributions
Attribute behavior to a situation | E.g., behavior is attributed to an emergency, need to impress somebody nearby, etc.
42
Fundamental attribution error
Tendency to overestimate internal factors and underestimate external factors in the behaviors of others E.g., yelling at "bad drivers" who might have a valid excuse
43
Prejudice
``` Negative attitude toward members of a social group Always negative (positive version is called bias) ```
44
Discrimination
Actual treatment of people different because of prejudice | Not all prejudiced people discriminate
45
In-groups vs out-groups
Out-groups are the groups that are "othered"
46
Social cognitive theory
Attitudes are acquired through direct instruction, modeling, and other social influences E.g., peers, hometowns, etc.
47
Social identity theory
A person's identity is formed within a particular social group E.g., young teen identifies with rock-and-roll
48
Realistic conflict theory
Conflict between groups over real, tangible things (usually land) E.g., international land conflicts, immigrants coming to "take your jobs", etc.
49
Scapegoating
Can't taken anger out on individual, as it is too powerful, so scapegoat someone else E.g., Rodney King riots occurred against Koreans
50
Interpersonal attraction factors
Physical att****iveness Proximity (people that surround you grow on you) Opposite-ness
51
Reciprocity of liking
Tendency of people to like other people who like them first
52
Love
Strong affection for another due to kinship, personal ties, se**al attraction, admiration, or common interests
53
Researcher who studied love
Sternberg
54
Physical aggression v relational aggression
Done more by males/females, respectively
55
Microaggression
Indirect, subtle, or unintentional discrimination against members of a marginalized group Can by unintentional and well-intentioned E.g., assuming someone does not speak English, ask where they are really from, etc.
56
Romantic Love
Passion + intimacy
57
Infatuation
Passion
58
Liking
Intimacy
59
Fatuous Love
Passion + Commitment
60
Empty Love
Commitment
61
Companionate
Intimacy + Commitment
62
Consummate Love
Intimacy + Passion + Commitment
63
Passion
Liking
64
Passion + Commitment
Fatuous Love
65
Passion + Intimacy
Romantic Love
66
Commitment + Intimacy
Companionate
67
Commitment
Empty Love
68
Intimacy
Liking
69
Intimacy + Passion + Commitment
Consummate Love
70
Prosocial behavior
Socially desirable behavior that benefits others Not necessarily altruism E.g., donate to charity but get tax benefits
71
Altruism
Prosocial behavior done with no expectation of reward, may involve risk of harm to self E.g., taking a bullet for a friend, diving into a pool to save a child
72
Diffusion of responsibility
Person's failure to take responsibility because of the presence of others who are seen to share this responsibility Related to bystander effect
73
Bystander effect (explanation)
Diffusion of responsibility
74
Cult conversion tactics
Love-bombing, isolation, rituals, etc. | Stop recruit from critical thinking
75
Love-bombing
Total love and acceptance of everything about the inductee
76
Isolate
Isolate inductee from family/friends
77
Characteristics of cult recruits
Under stress, unhappy, gullible, dependent, want to belong No less able-minded than normal people Usually possess transient (temporary) characteristics like stress
78
Cult leader
Singular and all-powerful | E.g., Jim Jones

Psychology Test 2 (7 decks)

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