Test 2 Flashcards

Question

Infant/child motor milestones

Answer 1

``` Baby raises its head Baby rolls over Baby can sit if propped up Baby can sit on its own Baby can crawl/walk ```

Answer 2

Mental concepts formed through experiences with objects/people (i.e., child's concept of "dog" or "soldier")

Answer 3

He studied development of schemas. He used longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. He used his association with a school district to find children to study. His experiments resulted in the Cognitive Development Stage Theory.

Answer 4

Sensorimotor stage | Infant exclusively uses senses and motor skills to interact with environment

Answer 5

Acquired at end of Stage 1 of CDST | Babies understand objects/people exist even while not in sight

Answer 6

``` Preoperational stage Preschool Characterized by: Egocentrism Centration Irreversibility ```

Answer 7

Incapable of seeing the world from other perspectives

Answer 8

Focus on the same component/object repeatedly (e.g., rewatch their favorite movie 6.9 times)

Answer 9

Child cannot mentally reverse an action (e.g., you crumple up their drawing and they cry because they don't know it can be uncrumpled)

Answer 10

Related to irreversibility. Cannot understand changing of appearance without changing its nature E.g., Have two identical glasses of water, and they say the same amount is in each. Then you pour one of the glasses into a tall, narrower glass, in front of them, and they say the tall glass has more water. They are stupid and can't mentally reverse the action.

Answer 11

Concrete operations K12 Capable of logic, but not abstract thought

Answer 12

Formal operations Adolescence Capable of abstract thought

Answer 13

Object permanence is developed sooner than claimed

Answer 14

Social interactions speed up development | Without social interaction, babies become damaged

Answer 15

Studied by Vygotsky Learning through scaffolding E.g., First, you have training wheels. Then you remove them and have a helper guide you along. Then you go like normal.

Answer 16

Cooing (blowing bubbles) Babbling One-word speech (holophrases) Telegraphic speech (speaking in a sentence)

Answer 17

Understand a language before one can produce it

Answer 18

Emotional bond between infant and primary caregiver

Answer 19

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 20

Primary caregiver leaves | Infant is easily soothed and open to meeting new stranger

Answer 21

Bad | Opposite of secure attachment

Answer 22

Infant is unattached and apathetic of parent's presence | Correlated with aloof parenting

Answer 23

Mixed feelings Upset at primary caregiver's departure Angry at their return

Answer 24

Behavioral characteristics at birth Easy: adaptable, regular, happy Difficult: exact opposite

Answer 25

Need time to adjust to change and to new people

Answer 26

Trust versus mistrust Infant (0-2) Attachment figure is important If inconsistent care, causes trust issues and Stage 2 failure

Answer 27

``` Autonomy vs. shame and doubt Toddler Toddlers want to walk on their own Strive for physical independence Otherwise, doubt and shame ```

Answer 28

Initiative versus guilt Preschool Strives for emotional/psychological independence Feel guilt if can't stop temper tantrums/emotional control

Answer 29

``` Industry versus inferiority Industry is faith in one's self-efficacy Strives for competence and self-esteem Comparing to other kids Trying to find what one is "good at" ```

Answer 30

``` Almost an adult Can think abstractly Egocentric thought returns Personal fables - no one else can understand their struggles Imaginary audience - ??? ```

Answer 31

Mid-adolescence Search for "identity" Parent-teen conflict Failing causes "role confusion"

Answer 32

``` Intimacy vs Isolation Young adult Strives for emotional and psychological closeness to another person Still maintains sense of self Those who fail Stage 5 do badly here ```

Answer 33

Generativity vs Stagnation Mid-adult Seeks to guide children to next generation Example of stagnation: Woman who has good career, backs it up to become better parent, then she feels unfulfilled because there is nothing else to offer

Answer 34

Integrity vs Despair Geezer Seeks sense of wholeness to release regret (???) Determines whether or not one regrets stuff

Answer 35

Criticized because of too many white males

Answer 36

Preconventional morality Children Behavior governed solely by consequences of reward/punishment

Answer 37

Conventional morality Young adult+ Behavior governed by society's norms - E.g., cars squeezing into a line of cars is normal, so people do it because it is moral to them - E.g., you would not do the same thing to grocery stores, not normal so not moral

Answer 38

Postconventional morality Behavior governed by individual morals E.g., civil disobedience during 1960s

Answer 39

Example of Level 3 Kohlberg | Believed in morality of assisted suicide - was imprisoned for it, but eventually made it legal

Answer 40

Ozai Projection of parent's issues Creates avoidant attachment

Answer 41

Few demands Subtypes: Neglectful Indulgent

Answer 42

Subtype of permissive Uninvolved (e.g., single-parent "household" where the "parent" works all day)

Answer 43

Subtype of permissive | Raises the "spoiled" ones

Answer 44

Firm limits + warmth, respect Iroh Adolescents need "why" and respect

Answer 45

Parenting style changes with age. | Younger parents are ???

Answer 46

Cells can't reproduce forever Talomeres correspond to cell healthiness Geezers have bad ones

Answer 47

Tissues wear out | Body can't self-repair forever

Answer 48

Free radicals are molecules with unstable electrons | Cause aging and cancer

Answer 49

Better to remain active | Physical, cognitive, and social activity stop death and bad health

Answer 50

``` Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance ```