Chapter 12 The Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
amyl/o
A
starch
2
Q
append/o
A
appendix
3
Q
appendic/o
A
appendix
4
Q
-ase
A
enzyme
5
Q
bil/i
A
bile
6
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
7
Q
cec/o
A
cecum
8
Q
celi/o
A
pertaining to the abdomen
9
Q
-centesis
A
surgical puncture
10
Q
cheil/o
A
lips
11
Q
chol/e
A
bile
12
Q
cholecyst/o
A
gallbladder
13
Q
choledoch/o
A
common bile duct
14
Q
cirrh/o
A
yellow, tawny
15
Q
col/o
A
colon
16
Q
colon/o
A
colon
17
Q
dent/o
A
tooth
18
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum
19
Q
-ectasia
A
stretching or dilatation
20
Q
-ectomy
A
surgical removal
21
Q
-emesis
A
to vomit
22
Q
enter/o
A
intestine
23
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
24
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
25
gingiv/o
gums
26
gloss/o
tounge
27
gluc/o
sugar, sweet
28
glyc/o
sugar, sweet
29
hepat/o
liver
30
-iasis
presence of an abnormal condition
31
ile/o
ileum
32
jejun/o
jejunum
33
lapar/o
abdominal wall
34
lingu/o
tongue
35
lip/o
fat
36
lith/o
stone
37
-lysis
destruction, detachment
38
mandibul/o
mandible
39
odont/o
teeth
40
or/o
mouth
41
pancreat/o
pancreas
42
-pepsia
state of digestion
43
-phagia
to eat
44
pharyng/o
pharynx
45
peritone/o
peritoneum
46
-plasty
surgical repair
47
proct/o
anus
48
rect/o
rectum
49
-rrhagia
excessive flow
50
-rrhaphy
suturing
51
sial/o
saliva
52
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
53
-spasm
twitching
54
splen/o
spleen
55
steat/o
fat
56
stomat/o
mouth
57
-tresia
perforation
58
-tripsy
intentional crushing
59
achlorhydria
absence of hydronchloric acid
60
adhesions
fibrous bands which form in the abdoninal cavity
61
anorexia
lack or loss of appetite, inability to eat
62
aphagia
loss of the ability to swallow as a result of organic or psychological causes
63
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
64
borborygmus
an audible abdominal sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis
65
constipation
difficulty in passing stools
66
diarrhea
frequent passage of loose, watery stools
67
dyspepsia
vague feeling of epigastric discomfort after eating
68
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing,
69
emaciation
excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition
70
emesis
material expelled from the stomach during vomitus
71
erictaton
act of bringing up air from the stomach with a characteristic sound through the mouth
72
flatus; flatulence
air or gas in the intestine that is passed through the rectum
73
gastroesophageal reflux
backflow of contents of stomach into esophagus
74
icterus
yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera of the eyes
75
melena
abnormal, black, tarry stool containing digested blood
76
nausea
unpleasant sensation often leading to the urge to vomit
77
pruritus ani
common chronic condition of itching of the skin around the anus
78
steatorrhea
greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces
79
vomit
to expel the contents of the stomach through the esophagus and out the mouth
80
achalasia
decreased mobility of the lower two-thirds of the esophagus, constriction of the lower esophageal sphincter
81
anal fistula
abnormal passageway in the skin surface near the anus connecting with the rectum
82
aphthous stomatitis
small inflammatory noninfectious ulcerated lesions occurring in the lips, tongue, and inside the cheeks of the mouth
canker sores
83
appendicitis
inflammation of the vermiform appendix
84
celiac disease
nutrient malabsorption due to damaged small bowel mucosa
85
cirrhosis
disease of the liver that is chronic and degenerative causing injury to the hepatocytes
86
colorectal cancer
malignant neoplasm in the large intestine
87
constipation
decrease in the frequency of bowel movements and the passge of hard, dry stools
88
crohn's disease
digestive tract inflammation of a chronic nature
89
dental caries
tooth decy
90
dysentery
painful intestinal inflammation typically caused by ingesting water or food containing bacteria, protozoa, parasites, or chemical irritants
91
diverticulosis
non-inflamed outpouchings or herniations of the muscular layer of the intestines, typically the sigmoid colon
92
diverticulitis
inflammation of these outpouchings
93
esophageal varices
swollen, twisted veins located in the distal end of the esophagus
94
gallstones (cholelithiasis)
pigmented or hardened cholesterol stones formed as a result of bile crystallization
95
hemorrhoids
an unnaturally distended or swollen vein in the distal rectum or anus
96
hepatitis
acute or chronic inflammation of the liver due to a viral or bacterial infection
97
hernia
irregular protrusion of tissue, organ, or a portion of an organ through an abnormal break in the surrounding cavity's muscular will
98
herpetic stomatitis
inflammatory infectious lesions in or on the oral cavity occurring as a primary or secondary viral infection caused by herpes simplex
99
ileus
obstruction of the intestine
100
intestinal obstruction
complete or partial alteration in the forward flow of the contents in the small or large intestines
101
intussusception
telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into distal intestine usually in the ileocecal region causing an obstruction
102
irritable bowel syndrome spastic colon
increased motility of the small or large intestinal wall resulting in abdoninal pain
103
oral leukoplakia
precancerous lesion occurring anywhere in the mouth
104
pancreatitis
acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas
105
peptic ulcers
break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the gastrointestinal tract as a result of hyperacidity or the bacterium, h pylori
106
periodontal disease
group of inflammatory gum disorders
107
polyps, colorectal
small growths projecting from the mucous membrane of the colon or rectum
108
thrush
fungal infection in the mouth and throat producing slightly raised curdlike patches on the toungue caused by candida albicans
109
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammatory condition resulting in a break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the colon
110
volvulus
rotation of loops of bowel causing a twisting on itself that results in an intestinal obstruction
111
abdominal ultrasound
sound waves provide visualization of the internal organs of the abdomen
112
abdominocentesis (paracentesis)
insertion of a needle into abdominal cavity to remove excess fluid
113
alkaline phosphatase (alp
enzyme secreted no4rmally from pancreatic cells, aids in digestion
114
appendectomy
surgical removal of the inflamed appendix
115
barium enema (BE)
infusion of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate
116
barium swallow (upper GI series)
oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium that flows into the esophagus when swallowed
117
cheiloplasty
surgically correcting a defect of the lip
118
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
119
cholecystography (oral)
visualization of the gallbladder through x-ray after oral ingestion of pills containing a radiopaque iodinated dye
120
colostomy
surgical creation of a new opening on the abdominal wall through which the feces will be expelled
121
CT of the abdomen
noninvasive x-ray procedure
122
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
examines the size of and filing of the pancreatic and biliary ducts through direct radiographic visualization
123
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
upper endoscopy, visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using a lighted fibroptic endoscope
124
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (eswl)
the use of shockwaves to crush the gallstones allowing peices to pass
125
fluoroscopy
used to examine the function of an organ or body part
126
gastric analysis
study of stomach contents to determine the acid content and detect the presence of blood, bacteria, bile, and abnormal cells
127
gastric lavage
irrigation or washing out of the stomach with sterile water or a saline solution
128
herniorrhaphy
surgical repair of a hernia by closing the defect using sutures
129
liver biopsy
piece of liver tissue obtained for examination by inserting a specially designed needle into the live through the abdominal wall
130
liver scan
visualization of shape and size of liver after injecting a radioactive compound
131
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
procedure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and bony structures without the use of radiation
132
nasogastric intubation
placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach
133
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) or (PTHC)
examination of the bile duct structure using a needle directly into a bile duct to inject a contrast medium
134
serum bilirubin
measurement of bilirubin level in serum
135
serum glutamic-oxaloactetic transaminase (SGOT)
enzyme that has very high concentration in liver cells
136
anastomosis
surgical connection of two hollow, tubular structures
137
gastrojejunostomy
establishment of an anastomosis between the stomach and jejunum
138
billroth l
excision of the pylorus with gastroduodenostomy
139
billroth ll
resection of the pylorus and the lesser curvature of the stomach with gastrojejunostomy
140
ileostomy
surgical creation of a new opening of the ileum through the abdominal wall
141
gastroscopy
visual examination of the stomach
142
ova and parasites (O&P)
examination of feces for intestinal parasites or their eggs
143
gastric bypass
bariatric procedure in which part of the stomach is stapled shut and a new connection is created between the remaining gastric pouch and the duodenum
144
vagotomy
division of one or more branches of the vagus nerve to decrease acid production in the stomach
145
pyloroplasty
surgical repair of a stenotic or congenitally closed pyloric sphincter
146
a.c.
before meals
147
Ba
barium
148
BE
barium enema
149
b.i.d.
twice a day
150
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
151
GI
gastrointestinal
152
HCI
hydrochloric acid
153
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
154
N&V
nausea and vomiting
155
NG
nasogastric
156
NPO, n.p.o.
nothing by mouth
157
p.c.
after meals
