Chapter 13 Endocrine system Flashcards
1
Q
acr/o
A
extremities
2
Q
aden/o
A
gland
3
Q
adren/o, adrenal/o
A
adrenal glands
4
Q
andr/o
A
man, male
5
Q
calc/o
A
calcium
6
Q
cortic/o
A
cortex
7
Q
crin/o, -crine
A
secrete
8
Q
dips/o, -dipsia
A
thirst
9
Q
glyc/o, gluc/o
A
sugar, sweet
10
Q
gonad/o
A
sex glands
11
Q
kal/i
A
potassium
12
Q
lact/o
A
milk
13
Q
myx/o
A
relating to mucus
14
Q
natr/i
A
sodium
15
Q
oxy-
A
sharp, quick
16
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
17
Q
somat/o
A
body
18
Q
thyr/o, thyroid/o
A
thyroid gland
19
Q
thym/o
A
thymus gland
20
Q
toxic/o
A
poisons
21
Q
-tropin
A
stimulating effect of a hormone
22
Q
-uria
A
urine condition
23
Q
ACTH
A
adrenocorticotropic hormone
24
Q
ADH
A
antidiuretic hormone
25
Ca
calcium
26
DI
diabetes insipidus
27
DM
diabetes mellitus
28
FBS
fasting blood surgar
29
GH
growth hormone
30
GTT
glucose tolerance test
31
HDL
high-density lipoprotein
32
IDDM
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
33
K
potassium
34
LH
luteinizing hormone
35
Na
sodium
36
NIDDM
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
37
OT
oxytocin
38
PTH
parathyroid hormone
39
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone
40
TFT
thyroid function test
41
VLDL
very-low-density lipoprotein
42
anterior pituitary
```
GH- growth
ACTH- controls adrenal cortex
TSH- maintains thyroid
LTH- manufacture of milk
FSH- production of eggs
LH- ovulation
MSH- intensity of pigmentation
```
43
posterior, pituitary
ADH- decrease in urine secreation
| OT- stimulates uterus/ milk
44
pineal
melatonin- sleep
45
thyroid
T3- control metabolism and tempature
T4- metabolism and tempature
calcitonin- regulates calcium
46
parathyroid
PTH- regulates calcium in blood
47
thymus
thymosin- immune response
| thymopoietin- immune response
48
adrenal cortex
mineralocorticoids- regulates mineral salts
glucocorticoids- regulate carbon
gonadocorticoids- sex hormones
49
adrenal medulla
adrenaline- emergency response
| noradrenaline- smaller diameter greater pressure
50
pancreas
glucagon- rise blood sugar
| insulin- lowers blood sugar
51
ovaries
estrogen- maturation of ovum
| progesterone- changes within uters
52
testes
testosterone- male
53
acromegaly
metabolic condition, enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw and extremities
54
adenohypophysis
the anterior pituitary gland
55
adenoma
a glandular tumor
56
adenopathy
any disease of a gland, characterized by enlargement
57
adrenalectomy
surgical removal of one or both of the adrenal glands
58
adrenocortical
pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland
59
androgen
any steroid hormone that increases male characteristics
60
cortisol
a steroid hormone occurring naturally in the body
61
dwarfism
a condition in which there is an abnormal underdevelopment of the body
62
endocrinologist
a physician who specializes in the medical practice of treating the diseases and disorders of the endocrine system
63
endocrinology
the study of the endocrine system and treatment of the diseases and disorders
64
epinephrine
hormone produced by the adrenal medulla
65
euthyroid
pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid gland
66
exocrine gland
a gland that opens onto the surface of the skin
67
exophthalmia, exophthalmos
abnormal condition outward protrusion of the eyeballs
68
glucagon
hormone secreted by the islets of the langerhans of the pancreas
69
glucogenesis
formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins
70
glucose
simplest form of sugar in the body
71
glycogensis
conversion of the excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver
72
glycosuria
presence of sugar in the urine
73
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland, excessive growth
74
hypercalcemia
elevated blood calcium level
75
hyperglycemia
elevated blood sugar level
76
hypergonadism
excessive activity of the ovaries or testes
77
hyperinsulinism
excessive amount of insulin in the body
78
hyperkalemia
elevated blood potassium level
79
hypernatremia
elevated blood sodium level
80
hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcemia)
hyperactivity of any of the four parathyroid glands, resulting in an over secretion of the parathyroid hormone
81
hyperpituitarism
over activity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
82
hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease)
over activity of the thyroid gland
83
hypocalcemia
less than normal blood calcium level
84
hypoglycemia
less than normal blood sugar level
85
hypokalemia
less than normal potassium level
86
polydipisa
excessive thirst
87
polyphagia
excessive eating
88
polyuria
excretion of excessively large amounts of urine
89
thymopoietin
hormone secreted by the thymus stimulates production of T-Cells
90
thymosin
hormone secreted by the thymus stimulates the production of specialized lymphocytes
91
thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid gland
92
thyroxine
hormone secreted by the thyroid gland maintains normal body metabolism
93
triiodothyronine
hormone secreted by the thyroid gland helps regulate growth and development of the body
94
virilsm
development of masculine physical traits in the female
95
diabetes insipidus
deficiency in secretion of anti-diuretic hormone by posterior pituitary gland
96
gigantism
proportional overgrowth of body's tissue due to hyper-secretion of human growth hormone before puberty
97
cancer, thyroid gland
malignant tumor of the thyroid gland
98
hypothyroidism
shortage of thyroid hormone causing an extremely low body metabolism
99
thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm)
acute, sometimes fatal incident of over activity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormone
100
hypoparathyroidism (hypocalcemia)
dereased production of parathyroid hormone
101
Addison's disease
failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete adequate mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
102
Cushing's syndrome
excessive amount of cortisol or ACTH circulating in blood
103
diabetes mellitus
the pancreas fails to produce an adequate amount of insulin
type1- insulin-dependent
type2- non- insulin- dependent
104
diabetic retinopathy
disorder of blood vessels of retina in which capillaries of the retina undergo localized areas of bulging
105
gestational diabetes
a form of diabetes during pregnancy
106
pancreatic cancer
primary malignant neoplasm typically found in head of pancreas
107
pancreatitis
acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas
108
fasting blood sugar FBS
blood glucose sample taken usually early in the morning
109
glucose tolerance test GTT
test that evaluates person's ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose load by measuring glucose leves
110
hemoglobin A1C test
blood test that shows the average level of glucose in a persons blood during last 3 months
111
serum glucose tests
tests that measure amount of glucose in blood at time sample was drawn
112
thyroid echogram (ultrasound)
examination to distinguish solid thyroid nodules from cystic nodules
113
thyroid function tests
test that measure blood levels of hormone T3, T4 and TSH
114
thyroid scan
examination to determine position, size, shape, and physiological function of thyroid gland
115
thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH
measures concentration of TSH in blood
