final exam Flashcards
1
Q
kinesi/o
A
movement
2
Q
neur/o
A
nerves
3
Q
phasia
A
speech
4
Q
paresis
A
partial paralysis
5
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
6
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord
7
Q
mening/o
A
meninges
8
Q
asthenia
A
strangth
9
Q
gli/o
A
gluey substance
10
Q
esthesia
A
sensation or feeling
11
Q
myelin sheath
A
a protective substance that covers the axons and helps to speed the conduction of nerve impulses
12
Q
parkinson’s disease
A
degenerative, slowly progressive deterioration of nerves in the brain stem’s moter system
13
Q
multiple scelorosis
A
degenerative inflammatory disease of the central nervous system attacking the myelin sheath
14
Q
ALS
A
severe weakening and wasting of the involved muscle groups, caused by decreased nerve innervation of the muscles
15
Q
cerebral palsy
A
congenital brain damage that is permanent but not progressive; characterized by lack of control of voluntary muscles
16
Q
Bell’s palsy
A
unilateral weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face
17
Q
cerebellum
A
part of the brain that maintains muscle tone and coordinates movement and balance
18
Q
cerebrum
A
part of the brain that controls consciousness, memory, sensations, emotions and voluntary movements
19
Q
epidural hematoma
A
a collection of blood located above the dura mater and below the skull
20
Q
aphasia
A
inability to communicate through speech, writing or signs
21
Q
syncope
A
fainting
22
Q
ataxia
A
without muscle coordination
23
Q
analgesia
A
without sensitivity to pain
24
Q
hemiplegia
A
paralysis of one half of the body, left or right side
25
hyperesthesia
excessive sensitivity to sensory stimuli
26
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower extremities
27
dysphasia
difficult speech
28
craniotomy
surgical incision into the skull or cranium
29
dyslexia
impairment of the ability to read, letters and words reversed
30
neuritis
inflammation of a nerve
31
paresthesia
numbness or tingling sensation
32
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk
33
neuralgia
nerve pain
34
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
35
ALS
amyotrophic lateral scelrosis
36
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
37
TENS
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
38
TIA
trasient ischemic attack
39
LP
lumbar puncture
40
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
41
MS
multiple sclerosis
42
EEG
electroencephalogram
43
anencephaly
absence of the brain and spinal cord at bith
44
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
45
lumbar puncture
insertion of a hollow needle into the subarachnoid space between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae under strict aseptic technique
46
huntington's chorea
inherited neurologicial disease characterized by rapid, jerky, involuntary movements and increased dementia
47
laminectomy
surgical removal of the bony arches from one or more vertebrae
48
Babinski's reflex
reflex tested by stroking the sole of the foot, beginning at mid-heal and moving upward and lateral to the toes
49
grand mal seizure
an epileptic seizure characterized by sudden loss of consciousness and by generalized involuntary muscle contraction vacillating between rigid body extension and alternating contracting and relaxing of muscles
50
tic douloureux
short periods of servere pain along the 5th cranial nerve
51
enter/o
intestine
52
bucc/o
cheeck
53
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
54
pepsia
state of digestion
55
chol/e
bile
56
duoden/o
duodenum
57
col/o
colon
58
proct/o
anus or rectum
59
hepat/o
liver
60
jejun/o
jejunum
61
lapar/o
abdominal wall
62
pancreat/o
pancreas
63
phagia
to eat
64
odont/o
teeth
65
gloss/o
tongue
66
Jaundice
yellow discoloration of the liver
67
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
68
Borborygmus
audible sound of the abdominal cavity produced by hyperactive peristalsis
69
anal fistula
an abnormal passageway in the skin near the anus
70
Crohn's disease
digestive inflammation causing fever, cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, and anorexia
71
intussusception
telescoping of a part of the intestine into another portion of the intestine
72
irritable bowel syndrome
increased motility of the small and/ or large intestine with abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, anorexia, and the trapping of gas throughout the intestines
73
thrush
a fungal infection in the mouth and throat creating creamy white patches on the tonuge
74
Barium Swallow
oral administration of radiopaque contrast medium to view the upper digestive tract
75
Celiac disease
nutrient malabsorption due to damage to the small bowel mucosa
76
Ulcerative Colitis
a chronic inflammatory condition resulting in a break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the colon. Characterized by large water diarrheal stool containing mucous, pus, or blood
77
peptic ulcer
a break in the mucous membrane lining of the stomach as a result of hyperacidity or the presence of the bacteria helicobacter pylori
78
fundus
the upper round portion of the stomach
79
pylorus
the lower tubular part of the stomach
80
pyloric sphincter
regulates the passage of food from the stomach to the duodenum
81
cardiac sphincter
regulates the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach
82
sublingual
salivary gland that is located under the tongue
83
palate
the structure that forms the roof of the mouth
84
gallbladder
the pear shaped sac that is on the underside of the liver
85
3 parts of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
86
sial/o
saliva
87
rrhaphy
suturing
88
eructation
belching
89
flatulence
air or gas in the intestine that is passed through the rectum
90
emesis
to vomit
91
plasty
surgical repair
92
volvuls
an intestinal obstruction caused by loops of bowel twisting on itself
93
anastamosis
the surgical connection of two hollow, tubular structure
94
rugae
folds in the mucous membrane of the stomach
95
diverticulum
a non- inflamed outpouching or herniation of the muscular layer of the intestine
96
hemorrhoids
unnaturally distended or swolled veins in the distal rectum or anus
97
choloecystectomy
the surgicl removal of the gall bladder
98
colonoscopy
the direct visualization of the colon using a fiberoptic scope
99
herniorrhaphy
the surgical repair of a hernia by closing the defect with sutures
100
lavage
the process of washing out an organ, usually the bladder, bowel, paranasal sinuses or stomach
101
a.c.
before meals
102
N&V
nausea and vomiting
103
BE
barium enema
104
HCI
hydrochloric acid
105
n.p.o.
nothing by mouth
106
GI
gastrointestinal
107
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
108
acr/o
extremities
109
aden/o
gland
110
adren/o
adrenal glands
111
crine
secrete
112
dips/o
thirst
113
glyc/o
sugar, sweet
114
kal/i
potassium
115
lact/o
milk
116
natr/i
sodium
117
oxy
sharp, quick
118
ADH antidiuretic hormone
decreases the excretion of urine from the body
119
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone
stimulates normal growth and development of the adrenal cortex and the secretion of corticosterioids
120
TSH thyroid stimulating hormone
promotes the normal growth and development of the thyroid gland and thyroid hormones
121
OT oxytocin
stimulates contractions of the uterus during childbirth and the release of milk from the breasts
122
FSH follicle stimulating hormone
stimulates the secretion of estrogen for the production of eggs and testosterone for the production of sperm
123
LTH lactogenic hormone
promotes the development of the breasts during pregnancy; also known as prolactin
124
MSH melanocyte stimulating hormone
controls the intensity of pigmentantion in the skin
125
LH luteinizing hormone
stimulates female ovulation and secretion of testosterone
126
GH growth hormone
regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues
127
hemoglobin A1C Test
blood test that shows the average level of glucose in a patients blood during the last 3 months
128
thyroid function tests
tests that measure blood levels of hormones T3,T4 and TSH
129
pancreas
contains the islets of langerhans that produce hormones for the body
130
progesterone
responsible for changes that occur in the uterus in anticipation of a fertilized ovum
131
acromegaly
enlargement of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremities due to oversecretion of the pituitary gland after puberty
132
diabetes mellitus
form of diabetes where the islets of langerhans fail to produce an adequate amount of insulin
133
diabetes insipidus
type of diabetes most characterized by polydipsia and polyuria
134
gigantism
excessive size and hight due to oversecretion of the pituitary gland before puberty
135
gonads
the medical term for sex glands
136
hypokalemia
elevated potassium levels in the blood
137
ketoacidosis
acidosis caused by an accumulation of ketone bodies in the body; faulty carbohydrate metabolism
138
polyuria
excretion of large amounts of urine
139
goiter
hyperplasia of the thyroid gland
140
Grave's disease
hypertrophy of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone; characterized by bulging eyeballs
141
Cushing's Syndrome
disorder of the adrenal gland that results in the increased release of cortisol or ACTH
142
myx/o
relating to mucous
143
andr/o
man, male
144
pituitary gland
the master gland that has an anterior and a posterior section
145
thyroid gland
the gland located below the larynx that helps to control metabolism
146
pancreas
the elongated gland behind the stomach that has an exocrine as well as and endocrine function
147
adrenal gland
the two small glands on top of the kidneys that have a cortex and a medulla
148
IDDM
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
149
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
150
GH
growth hormone
151
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
152
DM
diabetes mellitus
153
FSB
fasting blood surgar
154
GTT
glucose tolerance test
155
K
potassium
156
Na
sodium
157
VLDL
very-low-density lipoprotein
