Chapter 12.1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What causes communicable diseases?
Infective organisms (pathogens)
What are the type of pathogens?
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungai
Protocista
What is a communicable disease?
A disease that can be spread from one organism to another organism (but also one specie to another specie)
What are vectors?
Species/organisms that are responsible for carrying pathogens from one organism to another organism
How can bacteria be classified by basic shape?
Bacillus Chain of bacilli Coccus Pair of Coccus Cluster of Cocci Vibrio Sprillium Spirochaete
What are the 2 ways we can classify bacteria?
By basic shape
By their cell wall
What is a antibiotic?
A compound that kills or inhibit the growth of bacteria
How does the cell wall of bacteria affect the dosage and the antibiotic prescribed?
the cell wall of the bacteria - as this affects how bacteria reacts to the antibiotic
What is a bacteriophages?
Is a virus that attacks bacteria
How does bacteriophages kill bacteria?
- They take over the bacteria cells
- use them to replicate and destroy bacteria at the same time
Why are bacteriophages important in science?
- allows scientist to identify and treat some diseases
- they are very important to scientific research
What are the structural characteristics of viruses?
- 0.02-0.3 um in diameter
- they are around 50 times smaller in length than the average bacterium
- They have a basic structure (some genetic material surrounded by protein)
How do viruses cause illness or disease?
- Viruses invade living cells by their genetic material of the virus takes over the biochemistry of the host cell to make more viruses.
- Viruses then reproduce rapidly and evolve by developing adaptations to their host. Making themselves a successful pathogen
- Causing disease
What is protocista?
Are a group of eukaryotic organisims with wide variety of feeding methods
What are the two types of protoctista that causes disease?
Parasitic (protists) - they use people or animals as their host organism
Pathogenic (protists) - need a vector to transfer them to their hosts
What are the examples of pathogenic (protists)?
Malaria
Sleeping sickness
What are the ways that pathogenic (protists) enter the body?
Enter the body directly through polluted water
How does bacteria and (some) fungi use toxins to cause disease?
By producing toxins which damage host tissues….
[THIS TOXINS DAMAGE HOST CELLS… BY bacterial toxins breaking down the cell membranes of the host cell
OR by damaging or inactivating the enzymes
OR by interfering with the host genetic material so cells cannot divide]
How does Fungi cause disease?
By damaging the host tissues directly
{THIS IS DONE BY fungi digesting living cells and destroying them combined with the response of the body to the damage caused by the fungus… gives the symptoms of disease}
How does protocista cause disease?
By damaging the host tissue directly
{THIS IS DONE BY protocista taking over cells and breaking them open as a new generation emerge
They then digest the cell and use the cell contents as they produce
