Chapter 12.2 Flashcards
(15 cards)
How can plant disease be a threat to people and species?
- This is because if crop plants fail, people suffer from starvation
- Economies can struggle and jobs may be lost as a result of this
- Plant diseases can also threaten ecosystem - entire species can be threatened
What is ring rot? What is caused by? Cure/Prevention?
- Is a bacterial disease of potatoes,tomatoes and aubergines
- Caused by gram positive bacterium (Clavibater michiganensis)
{Has no cure}
What are the effects of ring rot on plants and land?
- It damages leaves, tubers and fruit
- destroys up to 80% of the crop
- infects fields till the point that the field can’t be used to grow potatoes again for at least two years
What is TMV? What is caused by? Cure/Prevention?
Tobacco Mosaic Virus - caused by a virus that infects tobacco plants and around 150 species including tomatoes
(NO CURE but resistant crops are available to prevent it)
What are the effects of TMV on plants and land?
- TMV damages leaves, flowers and fruit
- stuns growth and reduces yields
- can lead to total crop loss
What is potato blight? What is caused by? Cure/Prevention?
- Tomato blight refers to a family of diseases caused by fungus-like organisms that spread through potato and tomato foliage
- Caused by fungus (like protoctist oomycete)
- No cure but resistant strains
but can be prevented by careful management and chemical treatments can reduce infection risk
What are the effects of potato blight on plants (plant/tomato) and land?
- Hyphae (from fungus) penetrate the host cells, destroying the leaves, tubers and fruits.
What is black Sigatoka? What is caused by? How can it be prevented?
- Black Sigatoka is a banana disease
- It is caused by fungus
- There is no cure
- Can be prevented by using good husbandry and fungicide ( a chemical that kills fungi) treatment can control the spread of disease
- Resistant strains are being developed
What are the effects of Black Sigatoka on plants and the field?
- It attacks and destroy the leaves
- Hyphae (which comes from the fungus) penetrates and digest the cells turning the leaves black
- It can cause a 50% reduction in yield from plants are infected
How can diseases that
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Give examples of 4 types of diseases that effect plants (pathogens)?
- Ring Rot
- Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
- Potato Blight
- Black Sigakota
Give examples of 4 types of diseases that effect animals?
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Bacterial Meningitis
- HIV/AIDS
- Influenza (flu)
- Malaria
- Ring Worm
- Athlete’s foot
What is Tuberculosis (TB)? What is it caused by? How can it be prevented/cure?
TB is a bacterial disease of humans, cows, pigs, badgers and deers
- > Commonly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bolvis
- > HIV/AIDS has an impact as on the number of people dying from disease
- Can be prevented by improving living standards and vaccination
- Curable by antibiotics
What effects does Tuberculosis have of animals?
- TB damages and destroys the lung tissue and suppresses the immune system till the point that the immune system can no longer fight of diseases
What is Bacterial Meningitis? What is it caused by? How can it be prevented/cure?
Is a bacterial infection of the meninges of the brain (protective membranes of the surface of the brain)
- > Vaccines can protect against forms of bacterial of meningitis
- > Antibiotics will cure the disease if delivered early
