Chapter 3: 3.1 Flashcards
Biological elements (30 cards)
What are cells composed of?
Molecles
Why is biochemistry important?
- Biochemistry is important because allow us to underpin proper understanding of metabolic, processes and structure and limitations of chemistry
What do elements contain? How can we identify them?
Compounds containing different types of ions and can identified by their atomic bomb
What are the 4 key primary elements that living things are made of?
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)
- Sulfur and phosphorous (others but not key)
How are covalent bonds formed?
Covalent bonds is formed when 2 atoms shares a pair of electron - by sharing electron that present and unpaired in the outer electron
Important facts for this section NOT A FLASHCARD
know the bonding rules
know how to draw molecules on page 41
Why is life considered as ‘carbon based’?
Because carbons forms 4 bond with other and is considered the backbones for most biological
What is an ion?
An compounds were electron is unequal to the total electron
What is a cantion?
An atoms or molecule that loose one or more neutron
What is an anion?
It is atom or molecules that gains protons and net a has negative neutron
How are ionic bonds formed?
There are formed when one atoms in their pair donates electrons and the other receives it. Forming a positve and negatve ion that gots helds together by repulsion between same charges
What is the function of calcium ion? Symbol?
{ Ca 2+}
It is responsible for nerve muscle transmission
It is responsible for muscle contraction
What is the function of sodium ions? Symbol?
{Na+}
It is responsible for kidney function and nerve impulse
What is the function of potassium ions? Symbol?
{K+}
Stomatal opening
Nerve impulse transmission
What hydrogen ions function? Symbol?
{H+}
Catalysing reactions
Ph determination
What is the function of Ammonium ions?
{NH4+}
Responsible for the production of nitrate ions by bacteria
What are the different cations found in living cells?
Calcium ions Sodium ions Potassium ions Hydrogen ions Ammonium ions
What are the different anions found in the living cells?
Nitrate ions Hydrogen carbonate ions Chloride Ions Phosphate ions Hydroxide Ions
What is the nitrate ions function?
{NO3-}
responsible for nitrogen supply to plants for amino acids and protein formation
What is the hydrogen carbonate ions responsible for?
Maintenance of blood pressure
What is the function of chloride ions?
{Cl-}
Responsible of balancing positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells
What is the function of phosphate ions?
{PO4^3-}
Responsible for cell membrame formation
Bone formation
Nucleic acid and ATP formation
What is the function of hydroxside ions?
{OH-}
pH determination
catalysis reaction
What is the general formula for carbohydrates? What do they consist of?
{Cx(H2O)x}
Consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
