Chapter 13

Question 1

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in a person’s cognitions, emotion regulation, or behavior

Answer 1

psychological disorder

Question 2

a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer 2

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 3

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured often through treatment in a hospital

Answer 3

medical model

Question 4

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

Answer 4

DSM-5

Question 5

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Answer 5

anxiety disorders

Question 6

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, fearful, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Answer 6

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 7

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack.

Answer 7

panic disorder

Question 8

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

Answer 8

phobia

Question 9

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, actions, or both

Answer 9

OCD

Question 10

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Answer 10

PTSD

Question 11

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

Answer 11

psychoactive drug

Question 12

a disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk

Answer 12

substance use disorder

Question 13

a dwindling effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger dose before experiencing the drug’s effect

Answer 13

tolerance

Question 14

the discomfort and distress that follow ending the use of an addictive drug or behavior

Answer 14

withdrawal

Question 15

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce (depress) neural activity and slow body functions

Answer 15

depressants

Question 16

(popularly known as alcoholism) alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use.

Answer 16

alcohol use disorder

Question 17

drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

Answer 17

barbiturates

Question 18

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin, depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Answer 18

opiates

Question 19

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Answer 19

stimulants

Question 20

drugs (such a methamphetamine) that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, reduces baseline dopamine levels

Answer 20

amphetamines

Question 21

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, reduces baseline dopamine levels.

Answer 21

methamphetamine

Question 22

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

Answer 22

Ecstasy

Question 23

psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and trigger sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

Answer 23

hallucinogens

Question 24

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

Answer 24

near-death experience

Question 25

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also know as acid

Answer 25

LSD

Question 26

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

Answer 26

THC

Question 27

a disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drug use or a medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure

Answer 27

major depressive disorder

Question 28

a disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and weariness of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

Answer 28

bipolar disorder

Question 29

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common.

Answer 29

mania

Question 30

a disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.

Answer 30

schizophrenia

Question 31

a group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

Answer 31

psychotic disorders

Question 32

a false belief, often of persecution of grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Answer 32

delusion

Question 33

a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event, and from which recovery is much more likely

Answer 33

acute schizophrenia

Question 34

a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten

Answer 34

chronic schizophrenia

Question 35

an eating disorder in which a person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

Answer 35

anorexia nervosa

Question 36

an eating disorder in which a person's binge eating is followed by inappropriate weight loss-promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.

Answer 36

bulimia nervosa

Question 37

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the behavior compensate that marks bulimia nervosa.

Answer 37

binge-eating disorder

Question 38

controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Answer 38

dissociative disorders

Question 39

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities.

Answer 39

dissociative identity disorder

Question 40

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Answer 40

personality disorders

Question 41

a personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Answer 41

antisocial personality disorder