CHAPTER 13 & 14 : DENTAL CARIES & PERIODONTITS

Question 1

How caries form

Answer 1

bacteria + food = acid
acid breaks down enamel and causes hole in tooth

Question 2

Dental caries

Answer 2

(tooth decay) infectious and communicable disease

Question 3

two groups of bacteria that causes caries

Answer 3

Mutans streptococci (MS)
lactobacilli (LB)

Question 4

does the oral cavity of a newborn contain MS? (mutans streptococci)

Answer 4

No, it does not

Question 5

Dental plaque

Answer 5

soft mass of bacterial deposits that covers tooth surfaces

colourless, soft sticky coating that adheres to teeth

Question 6

Can you get rid of dental plaque with self cleansing movements such as swishing water around the mouth ?

Answer 6

no, you cannot. you need to brush your teeth to get rid of plaque

Question 7

Disclosing agent

Answer 7

a special dye that makes plaque visible

Question 8

primary teeth are made up of slightly more _____ than ________ teeth

Answer 8

water
permanent teeth

Question 9

three process that must be present to form caries

Answer 9

1. susceptible tooth
   2.diet rich in fermented carbs
   3.specific bacteria

Question 10

sugar is a type of what that causes caries?

Answer 10

carbohydrates

Question 11

demineralization

Answer 11

loss of minerals from the tooth

occurs when calcium and phosphate dissolve from hydroxyapatite crystals in the enamel.

Question 12

remineralization

Answer 12

minerals being added back to the tooth

calcium and phosphate are redeposited in previously demineralized areas

Question 13

stages of carries

Answer 13

1st stage: incipient caries - occurs when caries begin to demineralize enamel. looks chalky white

2nd stage: overt lesion (frank lesion) - cavitation or cavity hole throughout mouth

Question 14

rampant caries

Answer 14

caries that are present in many areas of the mouth/teeth

Question 15

how do rampant caries occur?

Answer 15

xerostemia

excessive and frequent sucrose intake

Question 16

secondary (recurrent caries)

Answer 16

forms in tiny spaces between the tooth and the margins of restoration

difficult to diagnose and you cannot see it easily. xrays might be needed

Question 17

root caries

Answer 17

when caries attack the roots

occurs on the root of teeth with gingival recession

Question 18

which part of of the tooth is more susceptible to caries than the enamel because it has less mineral content?

Answer 18

cementum covering

Question 19

why is saliva good for our teeth?

Answer 19

helps with remineralization

Question 20

How does Early Childhood Caries (ECC) occur?

Answer 20

most often when the milk bottle is left in the babies mouth while they are sleeping

Question 21

miracle fluid that provides physical, chemical and antibacterial properties

Answer 21

saliva

Question 22

chemical protection

Answer 22

remineralization -> neutralizes acid in teeth

Question 23

small proteins that neutralize acids in teeth

Answer 23

bicarbonate +phosphate

Question 24

Methods to diagnose caries

Answer 24

dental explorer
radiographs (xray)
visual appearance
indicator dyes

Question 25

laser caries detector

Answer 25

diagnose caries and reveal bacterial activity (does not detect interproximal caries, subgingival caries or secondary caries)

Question 26

CAMBRA

Answer 26

Carries management By Risk Assessment

Question 27

what is the purpose of CAMBRA

Answer 27

strategy for preventative and reparative care of early dental caries

Question 28

the caries process can be interupted or prevented by

Answer 28

flouride decreased fermentable carbs increased salivary flow

Question 29

Caries Risk Test ( CRT )

Answer 29

a test used to detect numbers of MS and LB bacteria present in saliva

Question 30

periodontium

Answer 30

composed of gingiva, periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, cementum structures that surround, and support the teeth in place

Question 31

Periodontal disease

Answer 31

infection of the structures that support the teeth (gums and bone)

Question 32

calculus

Answer 32

hard, stonelike material that attaches to the tooth surface.

Question 33

what is the first sign of periodontal disease?

Answer 33

gingivitis

Question 34

can calculus be removed by brushing alone?

Answer 34

no you need to get your teeth cleaned by a hygienist

Question 35

what is calculus divided into ?

Answer 35

supragingival (above the gingiva) subgingival (below the gingiva)

Question 36

acquired pellicle

Answer 36

thin film of protein that quickly forms on teeth mostly occurs after brushing

Question 37

periodontal disease includes both what ?

Answer 37

gingivitis+periodontitis

Question 38

pyogenic granuloma

Answer 38

tumour on gingiva can happen during pregnancy and hormone changes

Question 39

periodontitis

Answer 39

inflammation of the periodontium

Question 40

less than 30% of affected site

Answer 40

localized

Question 41

more than 30% of affected site

Answer 41

generalized

Question 42

severity of disease is determined as follows :

Answer 42

slight or early moderate severe or advanced