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Dental Assisting > CHAPTER 18: MICROBIOLOGY > Flashcards

CHAPTER 18: MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What is microbiology?

A

the study of micro-organisms

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2
Q

how many cells do micro organisms have?

A

one (they are unicellular)

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3
Q

Pathogenic meaning

A

disease causing

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4
Q

Non-pathogenic meaning

A

not disease causing “normal flora”

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5
Q

Host

A

The body in which pathogens enter

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6
Q

How many types of micro-organisms are there?

A

5

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7
Q

what are the 5 micro-organisms?

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Virus
Algae
Protozoa

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8
Q

name the additional micro organisms

A

prions
ricketsiae

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9
Q

Define the characteristics of a bacteria

A

can survive independently at dark moist environment 37 degrees c

come in various shapes

some are harmless

may take form of “capsule and spore”

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10
Q

Capsule

A

forms INSIDE a host.

bacteria develop a thick layer around themselves in order to protect themselves from dying.

ex. hosts defenses (antibiotics)

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11
Q

Spores

A

forms and survives OUTSIDE of the host.

bacteria that forms a protective layer around themselves under UNFAVOURABLE CONDITIONS like extreme heat.

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12
Q

spores remain inactive until conditions become favorable again. true or false

A

TRUE

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13
Q

bacteria used to test efficiency of sterilizing equipments

A

spores

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14
Q

which bacteria causes carries?

A

streptococcus mutans

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15
Q

term for NO micro organisms

A

sterile

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16
Q

process of making something sterile

A

sterilization

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17
Q

Define a virus

A

smaller than bacteria

can live and MULTIPLY ONLY INSIDE HOST cell

viruses can destroy host cell and release more viruses

have specifity (certain viruses will only infect certain cells)

can become latent and hide inside our cells/DNA

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18
Q

Provirus

A

inactive VIRUS. can get reactivated when immune system is low.

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19
Q

viruses cannot be destroyed when inside a host cell

A

true.

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20
Q

viruses can be destroyed by _______ outside a hosts body

A

disinfectant

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21
Q

______ can change their genetic code and mutate in order to resist killing

A

viruses

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22
Q

the three bases of bacteria

A

shape
oxygen requirement
staining

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23
Q

bacteria’s based by shape?

A

cocci
bacilli
spirochettes

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24
Q

bacteria’s based by staining

A

gram positive
gram negative
gram variable

25
Q

bacteria’s based by oxygen requirement

A

aerobes
anaerobes
facultative

26
Q

shape of cocci bacteria

A

spherical/round

27
Q

shape of bacilli bacteria

A

rod shaped

28
Q

shape of spirochette bacteria

A

spiral

29
Q

staining of gram positive

A

dark purple stained with gram positive stain

30
Q

staining of gram negative

A

colourless, does not stain

31
Q

staining of facultative

A

has some staining but not consistent

32
Q

oxygen requirement for aerobes

A

needs oxygen to survive

33
Q

oxygen requirement for anaerobes

A

does not need oxygen. will die if exposed to oxygen

34
Q

oxygen requirement for facultative

A

oxygen does not affect them. can survive with or without oxygen

35
Q

who is Louis Pasteur

A

a French chemist who discovered bacteria existed.
“father of microbiology”
invented pasteurization (boiling process to get rid of bacteria)

36
Q

The types of hepatitis

A

hep A B C D E

37
Q

which hepatitis is blood borne

A

hep b c d

38
Q

which hepatitis is oral feccal transmission

A

hep A E

39
Q

which hepatitis causes liver damage and death

A

hep B

40
Q

which is the least dangerous hepatitis

A

HEP E

41
Q

which hepatitis is the most dangerous and why?

A

hepatitis c because there is no vaccine for it and is blood borne/high carrier rate.

42
Q

herpes is blood borne True or false

A

TRUE

43
Q

herpes can remain dormant for years true or false

A

true

44
Q

how many types of herpes are there?

A

four

45
Q

what are the four types of herpes

A

herpes simplex
herpes zoster
eipsten barr virus
CMV (cyto meaglo virus)

46
Q

herpes simplex

A

term for COLD SORE and type I presents blister like sores around the mouth/border of lips.

type II causes genital lesions

47
Q

herpes zoster

A

causes shingles. same virus that causes chicken pox and can be reactivated as shingles when immune system is low.

48
Q

Cytomegalo virus (CMV)

A

normally a latent virus and does not cause any symptons

49
Q

Epstein Barr virus

A

causes monocelosis

50
Q

Pasteurize

A

process of boiling to get rid of harmful bacteria

51
Q

_______ are the “perfect parasites”

A

viruses

52
Q

under unfavourable conditions some _________ change into a highly resistant form called spores

A

bacteria

53
Q

Protozoa

A

large group of one cell microorganism that do not have a rigid cell wall

54
Q

fungi

A

organisms such as mushrooms, yeast, molds

55
Q

candida

A

common type of yeast

56
Q

oral candidiasis

A

caused by the yeast “candida albicans” and is found in the oral cavity.

57
Q

prions

A

small proteinaceous infections
not a living organism
causes MAD COW disease

58
Q

tuberculosis

A

infectious diseases caused by the bacteria MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

59
Q

MRSA

A

antibiotic resistant bacteria
untreatable
evolved from overuse of penicillin

Dental Assisting (52 decks)

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