CHAPTER 18: MICROBIOLOGY

Question 1

What is microbiology?

Answer 1

the study of micro-organisms

Question 2

how many cells do micro organisms have?

Answer 2

one (they are unicellular)

Question 3

Pathogenic meaning

Answer 3

disease causing

Question 4

Non-pathogenic meaning

Answer 4

not disease causing “normal flora”

Question 5

Host

Answer 5

The body in which pathogens enter

Question 6

How many types of micro-organisms are there?

Answer 6

5

Question 7

what are the 5 micro-organisms?

Answer 7

Bacteria
Fungi
Virus
Algae
Protozoa

Question 8

name the additional micro organisms

Answer 8

prions
ricketsiae

Question 9

Define the characteristics of a bacteria

Answer 9

can survive independently at dark moist environment 37 degrees c

come in various shapes

some are harmless

may take form of “capsule and spore”

Question 10

Capsule

Answer 10

forms INSIDE a host.

bacteria develop a thick layer around themselves in order to protect themselves from dying.

ex. hosts defenses (antibiotics)

Question 11

Spores

Answer 11

forms and survives OUTSIDE of the host.

bacteria that forms a protective layer around themselves under UNFAVOURABLE CONDITIONS like extreme heat.

Question 12

spores remain inactive until conditions become favorable again. true or false

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

bacteria used to test efficiency of sterilizing equipments

Answer 13

spores

Question 14

which bacteria causes carries?

Answer 14

streptococcus mutans

Question 15

term for NO micro organisms

Answer 15

sterile

Question 16

process of making something sterile

Answer 16

sterilization

Question 17

Define a virus

Answer 17

smaller than bacteria

can live and MULTIPLY ONLY INSIDE HOST cell

viruses can destroy host cell and release more viruses

have specifity (certain viruses will only infect certain cells)

can become latent and hide inside our cells/DNA

Question 18

Provirus

Answer 18

inactive VIRUS. can get reactivated when immune system is low.

Question 19

viruses cannot be destroyed when inside a host cell

Answer 19

true.

Question 20

viruses can be destroyed by _______ outside a hosts body

Answer 20

disinfectant

Question 21

______ can change their genetic code and mutate in order to resist killing

Answer 21

viruses

Question 22

the three bases of bacteria

Answer 22

shape
oxygen requirement
staining

Question 23

bacteria’s based by shape?

Answer 23

cocci
bacilli
spirochettes

Question 24

bacteria’s based by staining

Answer 24

gram positive
gram negative
gram variable

Question 25

bacteria's based by oxygen requirement

Answer 25

aerobes anaerobes facultative

Question 26

shape of cocci bacteria

Answer 26

spherical/round

Question 27

shape of bacilli bacteria

Answer 27

rod shaped

Question 28

shape of spirochette bacteria

Answer 28

spiral

Question 29

staining of gram positive

Answer 29

dark purple stained with gram positive stain

Question 30

staining of gram negative

Answer 30

colourless, does not stain

Question 31

staining of facultative

Answer 31

has some staining but not consistent

Question 32

oxygen requirement for aerobes

Answer 32

needs oxygen to survive

Question 33

oxygen requirement for anaerobes

Answer 33

does not need oxygen. will die if exposed to oxygen

Question 34

oxygen requirement for facultative

Answer 34

oxygen does not affect them. can survive with or without oxygen

Question 35

who is Louis Pasteur

Answer 35

a French chemist who discovered bacteria existed. "father of microbiology" invented pasteurization (boiling process to get rid of bacteria)

Question 36

The types of hepatitis

Answer 36

hep A B C D E

Question 37

which hepatitis is blood borne

Answer 37

hep b c d

Question 38

which hepatitis is oral feccal transmission

Answer 38

hep A E

Question 39

which hepatitis causes liver damage and death

Answer 39

hep B

Question 40

which is the least dangerous hepatitis

Answer 40

HEP E

Question 41

which hepatitis is the most dangerous and why?

Answer 41

hepatitis c because there is no vaccine for it and is blood borne/high carrier rate.

Question 42

herpes is blood borne True or false

Answer 42

TRUE

Question 43

herpes can remain dormant for years true or false

Answer 43

true

Question 44

how many types of herpes are there?

Answer 44

four

Question 45

what are the four types of herpes

Answer 45

herpes simplex herpes zoster eipsten barr virus CMV (cyto meaglo virus)

Question 46

herpes simplex

Answer 46

term for COLD SORE and type I presents blister like sores around the mouth/border of lips. type II causes genital lesions

Question 47

herpes zoster

Answer 47

causes shingles. same virus that causes chicken pox and can be reactivated as shingles when immune system is low.

Question 48

Cytomegalo virus (CMV)

Answer 48

normally a latent virus and does not cause any symptons

Question 49

Epstein Barr virus

Answer 49

causes monocelosis

Question 50

Pasteurize

Answer 50

process of boiling to get rid of harmful bacteria

Question 51

_______ are the "perfect parasites"

Answer 51

viruses

Question 52

under unfavourable conditions some _________ change into a highly resistant form called spores

Answer 52

bacteria

Question 53

Protozoa

Answer 53

large group of one cell microorganism that do not have a rigid cell wall

Question 54

fungi

Answer 54

organisms such as mushrooms, yeast, molds

Question 55

candida

Answer 55

common type of yeast

Question 56

oral candidiasis

Answer 56

caused by the yeast "candida albicans" and is found in the oral cavity.

Question 57

prions

Answer 57

small proteinaceous infections not a living organism causes MAD COW disease

Question 58

tuberculosis

Answer 58

infectious diseases caused by the bacteria MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Question 59

MRSA

Answer 59

antibiotic resistant bacteria untreatable evolved from overuse of penicillin