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Dental Assisting > Med Emergency Chapter 27,29,31 > Flashcards

Med Emergency Chapter 27,29,31 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 vital signs

A

pulse rate, respiration, temperature, blood pressure

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2
Q

Factors that influence vital signs are

A

emotional and physical influences

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3
Q

what is an emotional influence

A

stress or fear

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4
Q

Illness, eating, drinking, rushing, and exercise are examples of

A

physical influences

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5
Q

A normal pulse rate for adults and kids 10+ is

A

60-100 beats per minute

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6
Q

70-130 bmp is average for what age group

A

kids 1-10

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7
Q

from birth to age 1 normal pulse rate is considered

A

100-150 bpm

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8
Q

Tachycardia is

A

increased heart rate

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9
Q

Bradycardia is

A

decreased heart rate

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10
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of pulse rate

A

rate, rhythm, volume

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11
Q

The number of beats during counting period is the

A

rate of pulse

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12
Q

Rhythm is the

A

pattern of beats (skipping, slowing, fast)

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13
Q

The force of a heart beat is called

A

volume (strong or weak)

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14
Q

what 3 areas is pulse typically taken

A

radial artery, brachial artery, and carotid artery

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15
Q

The artery most commonly used in dentistry for pulse rate is the

A

radial artery

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16
Q

The brachial artery is also known as the

A

antecubital area

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17
Q

Which finger should never be used to measure a pulse

A

your thumb, it has its own “heartbeat”

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18
Q

The strongest pulse site is the ___ but it is the last to be checked in an emergency

A

the carotid artery

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19
Q

what is respiration

A

the supply of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide

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20
Q

normal adult respiration values are

A

10-20 breaths a minute

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21
Q

child respiration values are

A

18-30 breaths a minute

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22
Q

when determining respiration you

A

observe rate, rhythm, depth and quality of breath

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23
Q

Males breathe primarily from

A

abdomen (diaphragm)

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24
Q

females breathe primarily from

A

the costal space (chest)

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25
Q

Apnea is

A

the absence of breath

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26
Q

Painful/ difficult breathing is called

A

dyspnea

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27
Q

hyperphonea is the

A

increase in respiration (hyperventilation)

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28
Q

rales are the sounds of

A

bubbling, rattling and crackling when breathing

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29
Q

What is temperature

A

the degree of hotness or coldness of internal body

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30
Q

the balance of heat produced and lost/ process of physical and chemical changes in heat production is the

A

metabolism

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31
Q

Normal oral temp range is

A

37C or 98.6F

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32
Q

tympanic and rectal readings are how much higher

A

0.5-1 F or 0.3-0.6C than oral

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33
Q

axillary and forehead readings are how much lower

A

0.5-1F or 0.3-0.6C than oral

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34
Q

what controls temperature

A

the hypothalamus

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35
Q

what are the 4 types of thermometers

A

glass, digital, tympanic, and temporal scanner

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36
Q

Rectal and axillary readings take how long to measure

A

5 and 10 minutes

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37
Q

the fastest readings are completed by the

A

tympanic thermometer, takes 2 seconds

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38
Q

a digital thermometer is the most convenient but can be inaccurate if

A

the battery is low

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39
Q

temperatures are higher during what time of day

A

mid afternoon

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40
Q

temp is lower during

A

sleep and early morning

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41
Q

factors that have an impact on temp include

A

time of day, pathological state, temp increase, and unusual decrease

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42
Q

less circulation leads to a lower metabolism which creates a

A

low temperature

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43
Q

what is the medulla oblongata

A

control centre of the brain, controls pulse, BP, and respiration (NOT TEMP)

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44
Q

What are goosebumps

A

small contractions of muscles to create heat

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45
Q

Sweat glands dilate in order to

A

release sweat to cool the body

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46
Q

blood pressure is the

A

labor the heart exerts to pump blood through the body

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47
Q

systolic pressure creates a sharp tap and is the

A

highest pressure exerted (left ventricle)

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48
Q

diastolic pressure creates a soft tap and is the

A

heart muscles at rest (right atrium)

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49
Q

BP is measured in

A

Millimeters or mercury (MM HG)

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50
Q

Normal BP value is

A

less than 120/80 (maybe 130)

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51
Q

hypertension

A

high bp

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52
Q

hypotension

A

low bp

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53
Q

what is a sphygmomanometer

A

the cuff and gauge

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54
Q

prehypertension values would be

A

120-139/ 80-89

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55
Q

hypertension could result in

A

no treatment until investigated

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56
Q

hypertension stage one starts at

A

139-159/89-99

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57
Q

what are korotkoff sounds

A

systole and diastole (soft and sharp taps)

58
Q

how many phases of korotkoff sounds are there

A

5 phases

59
Q

Arrythmia is

A

irregularity in rhythm

60
Q

when taking BP its important to

A

make sure arm is heart level and supported, cuff centered 2 inches above bend and inline with bracial artery.

61
Q

a fetid odour is a foul smell indicating

A

lung, bronchial, digestive infection

62
Q

acetone breath is sweet and fruity indicating

A

diabetes

63
Q

ammonia breath indicates

A

kidney problems

64
Q

the smell of alcohol indicates

A

patient has been drinking

65
Q

when checking emergency kits it is done how often

A

routinely for the kit, weekly for expiry dates, and daily for oxygen

66
Q

an oxygen cylinder is what color

A

green

67
Q

what are the steps in prepping oxygen systems

A
  1. check cylinder
  2. clear the valve
  3. attach regulator
  4. open cylinder and check pressure (OVER 200PSI)
  5. attach delivery device
68
Q

what are the 3 steps to administer oxygen

A
  1. turn on and adjust flow
  2. Verify flow (hissing noise)
  3. Place delivery device on patient
69
Q

Nasal cannulas deliver how much oxygen

A

1-6 LPM

70
Q

face masks deliver how much oxygen

A

6-15 LPM

71
Q

non breather masks deliver how much oxygen

A

10-15 LPM

72
Q

BVM devices deliver how much oxygen

A

15 LPM or more

73
Q

What medicines are in an emergency kit

A

nitroglycerin, antihistamines, epinephrine, glucose tabs, bronchodialator

74
Q

Tools of an emergency kit are

A

pocket mask, ammonia inhalant, plastic syringes, atropine

75
Q

When do life threatening emergencies typically occur in a dental office

A

right after or during anesthetic is being administered

76
Q

Bronchospasm is a

A

partial obstruction of the airway, treat with bronchodilator

77
Q

An asthma attack is the narrowing of

A

bronchioles, treat with inhaler

78
Q

Obstructed airways cause what symptoms

A

ineffective coughs, and high pitch breathing or silence

79
Q

Snoring noises during an obstruction typically means

A

pharynx is partially obstructed by tongue or palate (Anaphylactic)

80
Q

Gurgling noises indicate

A

fluid or object is blocking the airway

81
Q

crowing noises indicate a

A

laryngeal spasm

82
Q

What indicates an airway is totally obstructed

A

complete silence, and grasping of throat

83
Q

Erythemia is

A

redness

84
Q

edema is

A

swelling

85
Q

urticaria is

A

hives

86
Q

breathing into cupped hands can alleviate symptoms of

A

hyperventilation by increasing co2 supply

87
Q

what is angina pectoris

A

the decrease in blood flow and narrowing of arteries causing pain

88
Q

what differs angina from a heart attack

A

the pain subsides in 3-5 minutes with use or nitroglycerin

89
Q

how do you treat an angina attack

A

seat patient at 45 degree angle, supply 100% O2 and give nitroglycerin sublingually, if no improvement in 3-5 give 2nd dose, repeat up to 3X total

90
Q

what are the 4 forms of nitroglycerin

A

patch, spray, tablet, injection

91
Q

what is congestive heart failure

A

the heart is weak and unable to properly pump blood through the body

92
Q

diuretics are used to eliminate ___ during ____

A

fluid, congestive heart failure

93
Q

dental damns, throat packing and HVE are used to

A

prevent obstructions

94
Q

a heart attack is caused by

A

blocked or narrowed arteries

95
Q

what are symptoms of a heart attack

A

pain at sternum and left arm radiating to chest, elephant on the chest

96
Q

Victims are typically in denial when experiencing a

A

heart attack

97
Q

what does CPR stand for

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

98
Q

the ABCD’s of life support stand for

A

airway, breathing, circulation, defibrillator

99
Q

how many compressions/minute when preforming cpr

A

80-100

100
Q

should you remove dentures when performing cpr

A

no unless they’re loose

101
Q

what is the other name for a stroke

A

cerebrovascular accident ( CVA)

102
Q

the interruption of blood flow to the brain is known as a

A

stroke

103
Q

fainting is also known as

A

syncope

104
Q

the most common medical emergency in a dental office is

A

syncope

105
Q

syncope occurs when BP drops below

A

70

106
Q

what does AED stand for

A

automatic external defibrillator

107
Q

Cyanosis is

A

the blueish tint to skin due to poor circulation

108
Q

how do you treat a fainting patient

A

put them in trendelenburg position and if that docent help administer ammonia inhalant

109
Q

what is trendelenburg

A

sub supine position, head below feet

110
Q

supine position is

A

flat horizontal

111
Q

what position can you put a pregnant person in for comfort

A

they can lay on they’re left side or we can prop up the right side with a blanket

112
Q

diabetes mellitus is when

A

the body can’t properly store glucose

113
Q

type 1 diabetes is

A

more severe, insulin dependant, hereditary

114
Q

type 2 diabetes is

A

not insulin dependant, can be controlled with hyperglycaemic drugs/diet

115
Q

thirst, increased urination, pain, loss of appetite are symptoms of

A

type 2 diabetes

116
Q

Hyperglycemia is

A

too much blood sugar (need insulin)

117
Q

Hypoglycemia is

A

to little blood sugar (needs glucose)

118
Q

symptoms of hyperglycaemia is

A

acetone, warm dry skin and mouth, rapid but weak pulse

119
Q

symptoms of hypoglycaemia is

A

nervous, confused, cold sweats, hunger, personality changes, trembling, weakness

120
Q

what are the two types of seizures

A

grand Mal and petite Mal sezuires

121
Q

Petite mal seizures last 10-15 seconds and

A

patient has a dazed blank look with twitchy eyelids

122
Q

Grand Mal seizures can last 3-5 minutes and

A

result in jerky stiff movements and or unconciousness

123
Q

a seizure is a

A

abnormal electrical discharge of nerve cells

124
Q

how do dentists control minor gingival bleeding

A

epinephrine (vasoconstrictor)

125
Q

what are 4 clotting aids

A

oxygel, gel foam, surgicel, tannic acid

126
Q

oxygel is

A

oxidized regenerated cellulose

127
Q

what is an avulsed tooth

A

a tooth that’s been knocked out of the socket

128
Q

how would you transport a avulsed tooth

A

wrap in gauze and place in cheek, or place in glass of milk

129
Q

how long do you have to reimplant a avulsed tooth

A

30 minutes

130
Q

an abcessed tooth is a

A

infection of the tooth/socket

131
Q

alveolitis is

A

dry socket

132
Q

how do you treat alveolitis

A

rinse with saline, iodoform dressing placed inside socket

133
Q

does a broken prosthesis cause pain

A

not typically

134
Q

when would a loose crown cause pain

A

if pulp is exposed or restoration has sharp edges

135
Q

what is Alzheimer’s

A

progressive mental deterioration

136
Q

mild memory loss, leading to loss of ability is

A

Alzheimer’s

137
Q

what is the antecubital fossa

A

the triangular area between upper arm and forearm (elbow crease)

138
Q

angalesics are

A

for pain management, pain killers

139
Q

a pulse oximeter measures

A

o2 in blood

140
Q

what is a medical emergency

A

the acute illness or injury posing risk to overall health

Dental Assisting (52 decks)

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