CHAPTER 19: DISEASE TRANSMISSION & INFECTION PREVENTION

Question 1

Chain of infection includes the following

Answer 1

Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible

or

number of microorganisms
virulence
susceptibility
portal of entry

Question 2

latent infection

Answer 2

infection that comes and goes

Question 3

infectious disease

Answer 3

contagious

cummunicable

Question 4

primary modes of disease transmission in the dentisry

Answer 4

direct contact
indirect contact
droplet infection

Question 5

parenteral (percutaneous) transmission

Answer 5

infection that breaks through the skin. needles, human bites, cuts, abrasions

Question 6

aerosol

Answer 6

small particles that can remain airborne for an extended amount of time

Question 7

splatter

Answer 7

larger particles that are contaminated by blood, saliva or other debris

Question 8

fecal oral transmission

Answer 8

pathogens in fecal particles pass from one person to the mouth of another person

occurs most often among healthcare and childcare workers who frequently change diapers and careless food handlers.

Question 9

immunity

Answer 9

allows the body to resist disease and prevents foreign bodies from causing infection

Question 10

natural acquired immunity

Answer 10

when a person has previously contracted a disease and recovered.

Question 11

artificially acquired immunity

Answer 11

immunity that results from vaccination

Question 12

disease transmission in the dental office

Answer 12

patient to dental team 
dental team to patient
patient to patient
community to dental office
dental office to community

Question 13

droplet infection

Answer 13

Infection that occurs through mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth

(ex: when a dental team member inhales aerosol generated by the handpiece –> drill)

Question 14

prevention of droplet infection

Answer 14

mask
gloves
protective eyewear
dental dam

Question 15

waterborne organisms

Answer 15

colonizes inside the dental unit waterlines and causes biofilm

biofilm: ( slimy film of bacteria that adheres to a surface.)

Question 16

universal precautions

Answer 16

based on the concept that all human blood and bodily fluids are to be treated as infected with a blood borne disease (hiv, hpv, hcv)

Question 17

universal precautions are to be used by all healthcare professional. true or false

Answer 17

true

Question 18

standard precautions

Answer 18

integrated and expanded elements of precaution into a standard of care.

Question 19

list the standard precautions

Answer 19

wash hands
wear gloves
use care when handling sharps
wear a mask, eye protection and face shield.

Question 20

occupational exposure

Answer 20

any anticipated skin, eye. or mucous membrane contact and percutaneous injury with blood or any other potentially infectious materials.

Question 21

percutaneous

Answer 21

“through the skin”

Question 22

permucosal

Answer 22

contact with the mucous membranes : eyes, nose ,mouth.

Question 23

management of exposure incident

Answer 23

document the exposure
identify and document the source individual
request that the source individual get a blood test (individual may refuse)
advise the employee to take a blood test

Question 24

handwashing guidelines

Answer 24

• must wash hands before putting gloves and after discarding gloves.
• wash hands for 10 seconds BETWEEN patients
• wash hands for 20-30 seconds for the initial hand washing, after eating, using washroom.

Question 25

what is PPE

Answer 25

personal protective equipment

Question 26

examples of PPE

Answer 26

protective clothing, surgical masks, face shields, protective eyewear, disposable treatment gloves, heavy duty utility gloves.

Question 27

in what order do you put PPE in

Answer 27

in reverse order of what you frequently change the most during the day.

ex: gloves would be last & protective clothing would be first.

Question 28

what kind of protective mask is the safest for people who work in healthcare/dental profession?

Answer 28

n95 mask. contains 95% filtration.

Question 29

what are the different types of gloves used in the dental office?

Answer 29

utility gloves
examination gloves
overgloves

Question 30

which material causes the allergies to some patients

Answer 30

latex