Chapter 13 Flashcards
Peripheral Nervous System (120 cards)
1
Q
what does PNS stand for
A
peripheral nervous system
2
Q
what is the main function of the pns
A
link the cns to the body and the external environment
3
Q
pns detects ___________
A
sensory stimuli
4
Q
what part of the nervous system detects sensory stimuli
A
pns
5
Q
spinal nerves belong to cns or pns
A
pns
6
Q
cranial nerves belong to the cns or pns
A
pns
7
Q
pns delivers sensory stimuli and delivers them where
A
to the cns
8
Q
the sensory division is in the cns or the pns
A
pns
9
Q
motor division is in the cns or the pns
A
pns
10
Q
sensory division aka
A
afferent division
11
Q
afferent division aka
A
sensory division
12
Q
motor division aka
A
efferent division
13
Q
efferent division aka
A
motor division
14
Q
sensory division includes
A
- somatic sensory division
- visceral sensory division
15
Q
somatic sensory division refers to
A
the body
16
Q
visceral sensory division refers to
A
the internal organs
17
Q
motor division includes
A
- somatic motor division
- visceral motor system
18
Q
visceral motor division aka
A
autonomic nervous system - ans
19
Q
autonomic nervous system aka
A
visceral motor division
20
Q
visceral motor system includes
A
- sympathetic nervous system
- parasympathetic nervous system
21
Q
sympathetic nervous system aka
A
fight or flight system
22
Q
parasympathetic nervous system aka
A
rest and digest system
23
Q
*figure 13.1
A
24
Q
functional overview of the pns
What is the path of stimuli
A
- Sensory neurons detect stimuli at sensory receptors
- Stimuli are transmitted through sensory neurons via spinal or cranial nerves to sensory neurons of the C N S
- C N S transmits impulses to the cerebral cortex for interpretation and integration
- Appropriate motor response is initiated by motor areas of the brain to upper motor neurons (found in the brain)
- Impulses travel to the spinal cord through local interneurons (relay messages in the CNS) then lower motor neurons (which attach to muscles) of the P N S
- Impulses go to appropriate tissue to trigger a response
25
sensory neurons detect stimuli where
sensory receptors
26
stimuli are transmitted through what
sensory neurons
27
nerves are made up of
neurons
28
mixed nerves are
motor and sensory information
29
what are the types of neurons
- sensory
- motor
- both
30
sensory nerves only have
sensory axons
31
what are motor nerves
have mostly motor axons with a few sensory axons that monitor muscle stretch and tension
32
how many cranial nerves
12
33
cranial nerves are where
attached to brain and in head and neck
34
how many spinal nerves
31 pairs
35
what are anterior roots
- aka ventral root
- Axons of motor neurons
- carries Efferent information away from the spinal cord. Only contains axons of motor neurons
36
what are posterior nerves
- aka dorsal root
- Axons of sensory neurons
- taking afferent information to the spinal cord. Only contains axons of sensory neurons
37
how do nerves attach to the spinal cord
anterior and posterior roots
38
*figure 13.2a
39
what is the difference between the anterior root and posterior root (visually)
the posterior root has a ganglion (big lump)
anterier root does not
40
*what are all cranial nerves sequentially
1. Olfactory
2. Optic
3. Oculomotor
4. Trochlear
5. Trigeminal
6. Abducens
7. Facial
8. Vestibulocochlear
9. Glossopharyngeal
10. Vagus
11. Accessory
12. Hypoglossal
41
what is the pneumonic to remembering the cranial nerves sequentially
Oh
Once
One
Takes
The
Anatomy
Final
Very
Good
Vacations
Are
Happening
42
pneumonic for remembering cranial nerve functions
Some
Say
Marry
Money
But
My
Brother
Says
Big
Brains
Matter
More
43
*what is the function of olfactory nerve
Sensory
sense of smell
44
*what is the function of optic nerve
Sensory
visual stimuli
45
*what is the function of oculomotor nerve
Motor
moving the eyeball
opening the eye
constricting the pupil
changing the lens shape
46
*what is the function of trochlear nerve
Motor
moves the eye (medially and inferiorly)
47
*what is the function of trigeminal nerve
Both (mixed)
facial sensation
chewing and swallowing
48
*what is the function of abducens nerve
Motor
turns the eye (laterally)
49
*what is the function of facial nerve
Both (mixed)
taste sensation
facial expression
anterior 2/3 of the tongue
50
*what is the function of vestibulocochlear nerve
Sensory
maintenance of balance
sense of hearing
51
*what is the function of glossopharyngeal nerve
Both (mixed)
chemoreceptors of posterior 1/3 of the tongue
swallowing movements
52
*what is the function of vagus nerve
Both (mixed)
taste sensation from the pharynx
swallowing and speaking
53
*what is the function of accessory nerve
Motor
move head and shoulder
54
*what is the function of hypoglossal nerve
Motor
muscles of the tongue
55
how many cranial nerves are motor nerves
5
56
name all sensory (only) cranial nerves
- olfactory
- optic
- vestibulocochlear
57
name all motor (only) cranial nerves
- oculomotor
- trochlear
- abducens
- accessory
- hypoglossal
58
name all mixed cranial nerves
- trigeminal
- facial
- glossopharyngeal
- vagus
59
how many cranial nerves are sensory nerves
3
60
how many cranial nerves are both motor and sensory nerves
4
61
table 13.2 pt 1
62
table 13.2 pt 1
63
table 13.3 pt 1
64
table 13.3 pt 2
65
table 13.3 pt 3
66
number picture - slide 28
67
anterior root aka
ventral root
68
posterior root aka
dorsal root
69
what kind of axons do anterior roots have
axons of motor neurons
70
what kind of axons do posterior roots have
axons of sensory neurons
71
roots are _________ streets
1-way
72
spinal nerve trunk joins what
roots and the rami
73
figure 13.4a
74
what is the posterior ramus
branch off of the spinal nerve trunk which travels to posterior (back) side of the body (deep back muscles)
75
what is the anterior ramus
branch off of spinal nerve trunk which travels to anterior (front) side of the body and/or the limbs
76
which nerve branch innervates the limb
anterior ramus
77
*figure 13.4b (know directions)
78
*what are the spinal nerve plexuses
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacral
- coccygeal
79
*how many pairs of cervical nerves
8
80
*how many pairs of thoracic nerves
12
81
*how many pairs of lumbar nerves
5
82
*how many pairs of sacral nerves
5
83
*how many pairs of coccygeal nerves
1
84
figure 13.5
85
networks of nerves before they branch out are called
nerve plexuses
86
what are nerve plexuses
complicated networks of nerves before they branch out again
87
what are cervical plexuses
- left and right
- consist of anterior rami (C1 - C4) with some contributions from C5 and hypoglossal nerve
- major motor branch is phrenic nerve
88
where are the cervical plexuses
C1 to C4 and a little of C5 and hypoglossal nerve
89
what is the phrenic nerve
- major motor branch
- axons from C3 - C5
- supplies the diaphragm muscle that drives ventilation
- in cervical plexus
90
axons from where to where keep us alive
C3, C4, C5 keep us alive
91
figure 13.6 - not important, only the ones we talked about
92
where are the brachial plexuses
anterior of C5 to T1
93
what do the brachial plexuses do
provide sensory and motor innervation to the arm
94
what are the major nerves of the brachial plexuses
- radial nerve
- median nerve
- ulnar nerve
95
what is the radial nerve
Continuation of posterior cord; Innervates posterior arm and forearm, posterior thumb, posterior 2nd, 3rd, and lateral half of 4th digits;
96
what is the median nerve
From fusion of lateral and medial cords; Innervates anterior thumb and anterior 2nd, 3rd, and lateral side of 4th digits
97
what is the ulnar nerve
Continuation of medial cord; Innervates 5th digit and medial half of 4th digit
98
which nerve is mostly responsible for innervating the pinky finger
ulnar
99
which nerve is mostly responsible for innervating the thumb
radial
100
which nerve is mostly responsible for innervating the middle finger
median
101
which nerve is mostly responsible for innervating parts of the arm
radial
102
figure 13.7b
103
what do the lumbar plexuses do
Lie anterior to vertebrae, Supply structures of the pelvis and lower extremity
104
where are the lumbar plexuses
anterior rami of L1 - L4
105
what is the main nerve of the lumbar plexuses
femoral nerve
106
what plexus is the femoral nerve in
lumbar plexus
107
what does the femoral nerve do
hip and knee extension
108
what do the sacral plexuses do
Inferior to the lumbar plexuses against the posterior pelvic wall; Supply structures of the pelvis and gluteal region and much of the lower extremity
109
where are the sacral plexuses
Anterior rami of L4 - S4
110
what is the largest nerve in the body
sciatic body
111
what does the sciatic nerve innervate
Innervates gluteus maximus , back of thigh, and lower leg and foot.
112
what plexus is the sciatic nerve in
sacral
113
what is the main nerve of the sacral plexuses
sciatic nerve
114
what plexus is the phrenic nerve in
cervical
115
what plexus is the radial nerve in
brachial
116
what plexus is the median nerve in
brachial
117
what plexus is the ulnar nerve in
brachial
118
what nerve innervates the gluteus maximus , back of thigh, and lower leg and foot
sciatic nerve
119
what nerve innervates the hip flexion and knee extension
femoral nerve
120
what nerve innervates the diaphragm muscles
phrenic nerve
