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BIOL 3306 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

the skeleton has how many bones

A

206

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2
Q

skull has how many bones

A

22

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3
Q

how many cranial bones

A

8

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4
Q

how many facial bones

A

14

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5
Q

vertebral column has how many vertebrae

A

33

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6
Q

vertebral column includes how many vertebrae which encase the spinal cord

A

the top 24

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7
Q

inferior bones of the vertebral column

A
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
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8
Q

what is included in the vertebral column

A
  • 33 vertebrae
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
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9
Q

included in the thoracic cage

A
  • 12 pairs of ribs
  • sternum
  • part of vertebral column
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10
Q

what does the thoracic cage do

A

protects the structures in the thoracic cavity

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11
Q

how many pairs of ribs in the thoracic cavity

A

12

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12
Q

what is the pectoral girdle

A

Includes the clavicle and scapula;
Supports the upper limb and anchors it to the trunk

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13
Q

what is the upper limb

A

The arm includes the humerus; The
forearm includes the radius and ulna; The wrist includes
the carpals; The hand and fingers include the metacarpals
and phalanges

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14
Q

what is the pelvic girdle

A

Includes pelvic bones and the sacrum;
Each pelvic bone is composed of an ilium, ischium, and
pubis; Supports the lower limb and anchors it to the trunk

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15
Q

axial skeleton

A

—Longitudinal axis of the body; Structured
for protection
– skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

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16
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

—Structured for motion
– bones of the girdles and the upper and lower limbs

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17
Q

single bones in the cranial bones

A

—Frontal, Occipital, Ethmoid, Sphenoid

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18
Q

paired bones in the cranial bones

A

—Temporal, Parietal

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19
Q

single bones in the facial bones

A

—Mandible, Vomer

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20
Q

paired bones in the facial bones

A

—Maxilla, Zygomatic, Nasal, Lacrimal,
Palatine, Inferior Nasal Concha

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21
Q

all cranial bones

A
  • Single Bones—Frontal, Occipital, Ethmoid, Sphenoid
  • Paired Bones—Temporal, Parietal
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22
Q

all facial bones

A
  • Single Bones—Mandible, Vomer
  • Paired Bones—Maxilla, Zygomatic, Nasal, Lacrimal,
    Palatine, Inferior Nasal Concha
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23
Q

what is the orbit

A

Houses the
eyeball, its associated
blood vessels, muscles,
and nerves, and the
lacrimal gland, which
produces tears

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24
Q

what bones are in the orbit

A

Frontal, Maxilla,
Zygomatic, Sphenoid,
Ethmoid, Lacrimal,
Palatine

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25
Houses the eyeball, its associated blood vessels, muscles, and nerves, and the lacrimal gland, which produces tears
the orbit
26
cavities Found within the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones
paranasal sinuses
27
what are paranasal sinuses
Found within the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones * Lined with mucous membranes and connect to the nasal cavity * Lighten the skull and enhance voice resonance * Infections result in sinusitis
28
what is the oral cavity
Houses the teeth, the tongue, and some salivary glands; First part of the gastrointestinal tract of the digestive system
29
what is the hyoid bone
—Small, C- shaped bone suspended in the superior neck by muscles and ligaments * Attachment point for muscles involved in swallowing and speech
30
how many cervical vertebrae
7
31
where are cervical vertebrae
the neck
32
how many thoracic vertebrae
12
33
where are the thoracic verebrae
articulate w the ribs
34
how many lumbar vertebrae
5
35
where are the lumbar vertebrae
lower back
36
how many bones fused to form the sacrum
5
37
how many bones fused to form the coccyx
3-5
38
what are the primmary spinal curvatures
(Thoracic and Sacral)—Present during fetal period
39
what are the secondary spinal curvatures
(Cervical and Lumbar) —Develop after fetal period
40
cervical curvature is
Concave; C2 - T2
41
thoracic curvature is
convex; T2 - T12
42
lumbar curvature is
concave; T12 - L5
43
sacral curvature is
convex; Lumbosacral junction-Coccyx
44
thoracic vertebrae is larger than
larger than cervical vertebrae and grows larger moving down the vertebral column
45
lumbar vertebrae is (size)
largest and heaviest to bear the weight of the torso
46
what is the sacrum
S1 - S5 form the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity; Fuse by ages 20–25
47
what is the coccyx
Generally composed of 4 vertebrae; Fuse about age 25
48
what are the ribs
Includes 12 pairs of ribs and Costal Cartilages, made of hyaline cartilage which provides flexibility; Spaces between ribs are the Intercostal Spaces
49
what are costal cartilages
made of hyaline cartilage which provides flexibility;
50
what are intercostal spaces
Spaces between ribs
51
which ribs are true ribs
1- 7
52
true ribs aka
vertebrosternal ribs
53
what are vertebrosternal ribs
Attach to the sternum via their own costal cartilage
54
what are false ribs
Do not attach to the sternum directly
55
which ribs are false ribs
8 - 12
56
what are vertebrochondral ribs
- 8-10 - Costal cartilages attach to the cartilage of rib 7 as the Costal Margin
57
what are vertebral ribs
- 11-12 - floating ribs - Do not attach to the sternum
58
what is the pectoral girdle
Consists of two bones, the Clavicle and Scapula, that support the upper limb
59
what is the clavicle
—S-shaped bone; – Functions like a brace for the upper limb so that it rests laterally to the trunk
60
what is the scapula
—Sits on the posterosuperior rib cage; – Injuries to the A C joint are common and are referred to as a separated shoulder
61
what is the humerus
(brachium) Only bone of the upper arm
62
what is the forearm
(Antebrachium) Consists of a lateral Radius and a medial Ulna
63
what is the radius
part of the forearm attached to the thumb Proximal epiphysis is the Radial Head that articulates with the capitulum as part of the elbow joint and with the ulna to form the proximal radioulnar joint;
64
what is the ulna
arm bone attached to the pinky
65
what is supination
when radius and ulna are parallel
66
what is pronation
when radius rotates over ulna
67
what is the manus
the hand
68
metacarpals are numbered
1-5
69
name the phalanges starting at the tip
- distal - middle - proximal
70
name the carpals
- hamate - capitate - pisiform - triquetrum - lunate - ulna - trapezoid - trapezium - scaphoid - radius
71
how many phalanges in each hand
14
72
what is the pelvis
Consists of two pelvic bones, the sacrum, which form the oval-shaped Pelvic Inlet with the surrounding bony ridge called the Pelvic Brim, and the coccyx
73
what is the pelvic inlet
the hole in the pelvic bone
74
pelvic bone is composed of
- ilium - ischium - pubis
75
the femur is
– Only bone of the thigh * Largest and strongest bone in the body
76
the patella is a
Sesamoid bone
77
the legs consists of
a medial Tibia and a lateral Fibula held together by an Interosseous Membrane
78
tibia is
Second strongest bone in the body
79
the knee joint
consists of two articulations – tibiofemoral and patellofemoral. The joint surfaces are lined with hyaline cartilage and are enclosed within a single joint cavity
80
each foot includes
- 7 tarsals - 5 metatarsals - 14 phalanges
81
metatarsals are numbered _____ from the ______
I-V inside

BIOL 3306 (24 decks)

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