chapter 13

Question 1

whats the three part unit called with the adenine and stuff

Answer 1

nucleotide

Question 2

what are the three parts of nucleotide

Answer 2

phosphate, deoxyribose, nitrogonous base

Question 3

what is transcription

Answer 3

cell makes a copy of a specific section of DNA, called a gene, into a molecule called RNA, which carries the genetic information needed to produce a protein

Question 4

where does transcription happen

Answer 4

in the nucleus

Question 5

what is the strand being made during transciption

Answer 5

messanger RNA

Question 6

what is DNA polymerase

Answer 6

a multisubunit enzyme that copies DNA sequences into RNA sequences

Question 7

Does all of the MRNA come out or just some of it

Answer 7

some of it. Just the gene

Question 8

where does the Gene travel too after it leaves

Answer 8

the ribosome

Question 8

what is TRNA

Answer 8

transfer rna

Question 9

what does Transfer RNA do

Answer 9

it transfers the amino acids

Question 10

what is a codon

Answer 10

a three part nucleotide in dna or rna molecule that translate the genetic code of DNA and RNA into proteins.

Question 11

what are the three main types of RNA

Answer 11

Messanger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosome RNA

Question 12

is the MRNA made directly or does it get modiefied

Answer 12

Modified

Question 13

what about MRNA is Modified

Answer 13

the introns get disposed. the stuff thats not needed for the particular type of tissue their making

Question 14

what is exons and introns

Answer 14

exons are the things that MRNA does need and introns are the things it doesnt.

Question 15

what is added to eaither end of an MRNA

Answer 15

A cap and a tail

Question 16

why is a cap and a tail added to the end of MRNA

Answer 16

to know where the start and end of the MRNA is and to protect it.

Question 17

what is the different nitrogenous base in the nucleotides

Answer 17

instead of thymine its uracil

Question 18

describe transcription

Answer 18

RNA Polymerase unzips and puts them in. MRNA breaks off, leaves the nucleus and goes to the stapler aka the ribosome

Question 19

what is the initiator codon

Answer 19

AUG

Question 20

IF codon is what is on the MRNA what is on the TRNA

Answer 20

ANTICODON

Question 21

how does transfer RNA know which amino acids to bring to the messanger

Answer 21

if the codon is AUG then the anticodon is UAC

Question 22

when methionine and phenylalaline are enxt to each other what do they do?
what energy do they to that with?

Answer 22

They combine forming covalent bonds
With ATP energy

Question 23

where is the polypeptide assembly line happening

Answer 23

in the ribosome

Question 24

what are the mistakes in the genes and stuff called

Answer 24

mutations

Question 25

what type of mutation is it when one nucleotide is messed up chromosomal or gene

Answer 25

gene mutation

Question 26

what is chromosome mutations

Answer 26

deletion an extra chromosome twisting stuff like that

Question 27

what are the three types of gene mutation

Answer 27

substitution, insertion,deletion

Question 28

when one nitrogenous base is removed how many amino acids are changed

Answer 28

just one

Question 29

what is substituiotn

Answer 29

when one nucleotide is replaced by another

Question 30

what is insertion

Answer 30

when there is one additional nitrogoneous base.

Question 31

what is deletion

Answer 31

when one of the bases gets removed

Question 32

what is the function of the lac operon

Answer 32

control the process of breaking down lactose (milk sugar) into usable energy

Question 33

what is the main transcription enzyme

Answer 33

RNA POLYMERASE

Question 34

what is translation

Answer 34

the process in which cells use mRNA to make protein

Question 35

what do polypeptides do

Answer 35

help make up proteins by bonding numerous amino acids together.

Question 36

what is rRNA do

Answer 36

help translate the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein