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chp 22 Flashcards

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1
Q

whats the blob on the string
(neuron parts)

A

cell body

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2
Q

(neuron parts)

A

dendrites

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3
Q

(neuron parts)

A

axon

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4
Q

(neuron parts)

A

dendrites of next neruon

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5
Q

(neuron parts)

A

axon terminal

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6
Q

are all neurons the same

A

no theyrs differnt

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7
Q

what do sensory neruons go to and from

A

to brain or spinal cord. comes from touch

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8
Q

motor neurons

A

brain to muscle or gland

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9
Q

intraneurons go from

A

connect sensory to proper motor neuron

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10
Q

how is nerve different than neuron

A

nerve is many neurons

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11
Q

what is resting potentiall

A

the electrical charge difference between the inside and outside of a cell when it is not actively sending signals

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12
Q

what is acting potentional

A

a rapid change in voltage across a cell membrane

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13
Q

What does the CNS do what is it?

A

The central nervous system works by sending and receiving messages to various parts of the body

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14
Q

How does impulse Occur

A

when a force is applied to an object over a period of time, causing a change in its momentum

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15
Q

explain resting potential

A

Stimulus: A stimulus starts the action potential.
Depolarization: Sodium ion channels open, causing a rapid rise in voltage.
Repolarization: Potassium ion channels open, causing a rapid return to resting voltage.
Resting state: The membrane potential returns to its resting voltage.

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16
Q

what are nerve impulses

A

For example, if your finger touches a hot stove, nerve impulses support quick communication between nerve cells in the hand and the brain so you avoid a serious burn.

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17
Q

what is sodium potassium pump

A

a protein in cell membranes that moves sodium and potassium ions to maintain the cell’s resting membrane potential.

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18
Q

what is neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers in the body. Their function is to transmit signals from nerve cells to target cells. These signals help regulate bodily functions ranging from heart rate to appetite.

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19
Q

what is a synapse

A

the junction between two neurons that allows a signal to pass between them.

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20
Q

what is a synaptic gap

A

the space between two neurons where nerve impulses are transmitted.

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21
Q

what is excitatory synapse

A

a synapse that increases the likelihood of an action potential in a postsynaptic cell.

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22
Q

what is inhibitory synapse

A

a connection between neurons that decreases the activity of the receiving neuron.

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23
Q

the cerebrum

Study These Flashcards
A

the largest part of the brain, located at the front and top of the skull. It’s responsible for many functions, including movement, speech, thought, and emotions.

24
Q

the cerebellum

Study These Flashcards
A

a part of the brain that controls balance and coordination, and is responsible for many other complex motor functions

25
the brainstem
responsible for controlling vital functions like breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and basic reflexes,
26
what is the spinal cord
a column of nerves that connects the brain to the rest of the body
27
what is peripheral nervous system
part of your nervous system that lies outside your brain and spinal cord. It plays key role in both sending information from different areas of your body back to your brain,
28
what is the somatic nervous system
a part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movements of the body, essentially allowing conscious control over muscle actions like walking, lifting, and talking,
29
what is sensory division
carries sensory information from the body to the brain
30
what is reflexes
automatic actions that your body performs in response to something without conscious thought
30
what is motor division
the part of the nervous system that carries signals from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to muscles, essentially controlling movement and bodily actions
31
what is autonomic nervous system
a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.
32
what is sympathetic nervou ssystem
a network of nerves that activates the body's "fight-or-flight" response.
33
what is parasympathetic nervous system
responsible for the body's "rest and digest" functions,
34
what is photoreceptors
specialized cells in the retina that convert light into electrical signals that the brain can use to create images.
35
what is the cornea
the clear, dome-shaped front layer of the eye that allows light to enter and helps the eye focus
36
what is the pupil
the opening at the center of the iris through which light passes.
37
what is the iris
the colored part of your eye
38
what is the lens
a transparent, curved structure that focuses light onto the retina.
39
what is the retina
the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eyeball
40
what is teh cochlea
The cochlea's function is to convert sound waves into electrical signals that the brain can interpret as sound
41
what is the semicircular canals
three tiny, fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear that help you keep your balance.
42
what are taste buds
cells on your tongue that allow you to perceive tastes, including sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami
43
What is REM sleep
a stage of sleep when your eyes move quickly behind closed eyelids while you dream
43
what are olfactory receptors
cells in the nose that detect odors and send that information to the brain
44
five types of sensory receptors
Mechanoreceptors: Detect mechanical stimuli like pressure, touch, vibration, and texture, primarily found in the skin. Thermoreceptors: Sense changes in temperature, allowing the body to detect heat and cold. Photoreceptors: Respond to light, located in the retina of the eye, enabling vision. Chemoreceptors: Detect chemical substances, responsible for taste and smell. Nociceptors (Pain receptors):
45
what do rods and cones do
detect light and convert it into neural impulses. Rods are used for night vision and detecting dim light, while cones are used for color vision and detecting bright light.
46
reflex arc
a neural pathway that controls a reflex, which is an automatic response to a stimulus
47
what does lymbic system do (brain)
helps control your emotions and behaviors.
48
what are some stimulants what is stimulants
caffiene, nicotine,meth Used to increase alertness, relieve fatigue
49
what are depresants what are some
Used to releive stress tension alcohol, tranquilizers
50
what is opiates examples
used to relieve pain Morphine
51
what is fetal alcohol syndrom
when fetus gets too much alcohol could lead to facial features muscle development
52
why are you dizzy when you spin around then stop
liquids in your ear are telling your brian your brian your moving but your eye says otherwise
53
what type of tissue is the sclera
connective
54
what is white and gray matter
tissues in the brain and spinal cord that process information and allow the body to move, learn, and think.

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