Chapter 13: Blood System Flashcards by Sonny Win

all blood cells originate from:

hematopoietic stem cell

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erythrocytes

originate in bone marrow and contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen

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erythropoietin

a hormone made from kidney stimulates production of RBC

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Leukocytes

Neutrophils
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophils
Basophils

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lymphocytes

play role in the immune response. they directly attack foreign matter and make antibodies that neutralize and destroy foreign antigens (bacteria and viruses)

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monocytes

are phagocytic and dispose of dead and dying cells and other tissue debris

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platelets

main function is in the clotting process

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plasma

liquid part of blood contains water, dissolved proteins, sugar, wastes, salts, hormones, and other substances

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four major plasma proteins

albumin
globulins
fibrinogen
prothrombin

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albumin

attracts water from tissues back into bloodstream (affected by salt intake and burns)

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globulins

alpha, beta, gamma

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fibrinogen and prothrombin

involved in clotting

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gamma globulin

are immunoglobulins. which are antibodies that bind to and sometimes destroy antigens
- IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE

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-apheresis

removal, carrying away (plasmapheresis)

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-phoresis

removal, carrying away (electrophoresis)

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hemolysis

breakdown of red blood cells (separating or dissolution of blood… can occur when transfused blood isn’t compatible)

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DIC

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation = excessive clotting

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bas/o

base

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chrom/o

color

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coagul/o

clotting

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cyt/o

cell

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eosin/o

red, dawn, rosy

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erythr/o

red

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granul/o

granules

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hem/o, hemat/o

blood

hemoglobin/o

hemoglobin

is/o

same, equal

kary/o

nucleus

leuk/o

white

mon/o

one, single

morph/o

shape

myel/o

bone marrow

neutr/o

neutrophil

nucle/o

nucleus

phag/o

eat, swallow

poikil/o

varied, irregular

sider/o

iron

spher/o

globe, round

thromb/o

clot, clotting

-apheresis

removal, carrying away

-blast

embryonic,

-cytosis

increase in # of cells

-emia

blood condition

-gen

producing

-globin

protein

-globulin

plasma protein

-lytic

pertaining to destruction

-oid

resembling

-osis

abnormal condition

-penia

deficiency, decreasing

-phage

eat, swallow

-philia

attraction

-phoresis

carrying, transmission

-poiesis

formation

-stasis

controlling, stopping

anemia

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

aplastic anemia

failure of blood cell production in bone marrow

hemolytic anemia

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

pernicious anemia

cannot absorb vitamin b12

sickle cell anemia

abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shaped RBCs and hemolysis

thalassemia

abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia

hemochromatosis

excess iron deposits throughout the body (can be hereditary)

polycythemia vera

general increase in red blood cells resulting in “thick blood”

hemophilia

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX in blood (trait is carried in the X chromosome)

Leukemia

increase in cancerous white blood cells - AML (acute myeloid leukemia) - ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia) - CML (chronic myeloid leukemia) - CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia)

granulocytosis

Abnormal increase in granulocytes

mononucleosis

Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarge cervical lymph nodes

multiple myeloma

malignant neoplasms of bone marrow

apheresis

Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from blood

blood transfusion

whole blood or red cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient

leukapheresis

removal of large numbers of white blood cells and returns red cells, platelets, and plasma to the patient

bone marrow aspiration

Removal of bone marrow for examining under a microscope

bone marrow biopsy

solid piece of bone marrow (biopsy sample) is extracted through a needle

cytology

Study of cells

Chapter 13: Blood System Flashcards

(74 cards)