Chapter 17: Eye and Ear Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
cornea
A
transparent tissue that covers the pupil and iris
+ it begins to “bend” the light so it can focus on the retina
2
Q
pupil
A
opening of the eye
+ allows the light in
3
Q
conjunctiva
A
membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelid and anterior portion of eyeball.
+ has no blood supply, but receives nourishment from nearby sclera.
4
Q
sclera
A
the white of the eye
5
Q
choroid
A
membrane inside the sclera
6
Q
iris
A
smooth colored portion of the eye
7
Q
lens
A
“flexible” clear tissue that further “bends” the light.
+ ciliary bodies flatten or thicken the lens
8
Q
vitreous chamber
A
contains a jelly-like substance.
+ helps shape the eye
9
Q
anterior chamber
A
contains aqueous humor which also helps shape the eye.
10
Q
retina
A
thin, delicate, sensitive nerve layer of eye.
+ has “rods” and “cones”
11
Q
cones
A
function in bright light and responsible for color perception (problems may result in color blindness)
12
Q
rods
A
function in dim light and responsible for “night vision” and peripheral vision
13
Q
optic nerve
A
no light receptors; called the blind spot
14
Q
macula
A
the location of the sharpest vision of the eye
15
Q
aque/o
A
water, fluid
16
Q
blephar/o
A
eyelid
17
Q
palpebr/o
A
eyelid
18
Q
cor/o
pupill/o
A
pupil of eye
19
Q
corne/o
A
cornea
20
Q
kerat/o
A
cornea
21
Q
cycl/o
A
ciliary body of eye
22
Q
dacry/o
lacrim/o
A
tears
23
Q
ir/o
irid/o
A
iris
24
Q
ocul/o
ophthalm/o
A
eye
25
opt/o
| optic/o
vision
26
phac/o
| phak/o
lens of eye (phacoelmusification)
27
retin/o
retina
28
scler/o
sclera
29
uve/o
uvea
30
vitre/o
glass
31
ambly/o
dim, dull
32
dipl/o
two, double
33
glauc/o
gray
34
mi/o
smaller, less
35
mydri/o
wide
36
nyct/o
night
37
phot/o
light
38
presby/o
old age
39
scot/o
darkness
40
xer/o
dry
41
-opia
vision condition
42
-opsia
vision condition
43
-tropia
to turn
44
accommodation (related to the eye)
normal adjustment of eye to focus on objects from far to near
45
fundus of eye (related to eye)
posterior, inner part of eye; visualized with ophthalmoscope
46
refraction (related to eye)
bending of light rays
47
astigmatism
defective curvature of cornea or lens of eye
48
hyperopia
farsightedness
49
myopia
nearsightedness
50
presbyopia
impairment of vision due to old age
51
blepharitis
inflammation of eyelid
| + note crusting on lid and lashes
52
acute bacterial conjunctivitis
inflammation of conjunctiva
| + note pus and redness of sclera, this condition is very contagious
53
anisocoria
without equal pupils
54
lacrimal gland and ducts
pertaining to tear glands and ducts
55
cataract
```
clouding of the lens of the eye
+ most commonly associated with aging
+ may be present at birth
+ may occur earlier if patient has DM
+ may occur with prolonged high doses of corticosteroids
```
56
chalazion
small, hard cyst - formed as result of chronic inflammation of sebaceous gland in eyelid
57
glaucoma
caused by increased intraocular pressure which damages retina and optic nerve
+ loss of vision results
+ visual field restricted
58
treatment for glaucoma
```
eye drops (miotics) that relieve pressure by "shrinking" the size of the pupil
+ OR, in severe cases, surgery, relieving intraocular pressure
```
59
macular degeneration
macular degeneration
| + progressive damage to macula of retina
60
Age-Related macular degeneration
Wet may be treated with laser photocoagulation
Dry has no treatment... only try to slow progression of disease.
+ take vitamin and mineral supplements and stop smoking
61
Hordeolum (condition of eye)
localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of sebaceous gland in eyelid
62
Nystagmus (condition of eye)
repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes (normal in newborns; may be indication of serious disease; also found in persons who are intoxicated)
63
retinal detachment
two layers of retina separate from each other
caused by head trauma, bleeding, scarring from infection, or shrinkage of vitreous humor
treated by photocoagulation and scleral buckling
64
strabismus
abnormal deviation of the eye
+ may be congenital
in adults, may be a sign of stroke
treatment - corrective lenses, surgery
65
Ambly/opia
partial loss of vision
66
dipl/opia
double vision
67
fluorescein angiogram
IV dye injected followed by serial photographs of retina
68
ophthalmoscopy
examination of the interior of the eye
visual examination of the eye with an instrument
69
slit lamp microscopy
measures intraocular pressure (tonometry)
70
visual acuity test
snellen test
71
visual field test
eye fixed, looking straight ahead
72
keratoplasty
surgical repair of the cornea (corneal transplant)
73
lasik surgery
use of excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism)
74
phacoemulsification
ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens; the pieces are then aspirated throughout eh ultrasonic probe
75
scleral buckling
retinal detachment surgery holding together the detached retina tear with a silicone sponge and encircling band
76
retinoblastoma
(malignant) tumor of the developing/immature cell of the retina. this is a rare tumor found in children
treatment: enucleation, laser, photocoagulation, radiation, chemotherapy
77
ophthalmologist (MD)
specialist who diagnoses and treats conditions of the eyes
78
ophthalmology
study of the eye
79
optometrist (OD)
measures visual acuity and visual field
80
optic
pertaining to vision
81
optician
one who makes and dispense lenses
82
pseudophakia
false lens (inserted after cataract extraction)
83
diabetic retinopathy
is a damaged retina in the eye caused by weak blood vessels as a result of diabetes
84
miotic
eye medication that shrinks the pupil (makes it small)
85
mydriatic
eye medication that dilates the iris (makes the pupil large)
86
pinna (outer ear)
external auditory meatus leads from pinna to eardrum
| + it is lined with glands that secrete ear wax
87
cerumen
ear wax
88
tympanic membrane (in middle ear)
eardrum
89
ossicles (in middle ear)
conduct sound waves (3 bones)
+ malleus
+ incus
+ stapes
90
oval window (in middle ear)
separates middle ear from inner ear
91
eustachian tube (in middle ear)
canal leading from middle ear to pharynx
92
labyrinth (in inner ear)
filled with liquids
93
cochlea (in inner ear)
filled with liquids
94
organ of Corti
tiny hair fibers relay sound to auditory nerve
95
vestibule
connected to cochlea & has semicircular canals which help for balance
96
acous/o
hearing
97
audi/o
| audit/o
hearing
98
aur/o
| auricul/o
ear
99
cochle/o
cochlea
100
mastoid/o
mastoid process
101
myring/o
| tympan/o
ear drum
102
ossicul/o
ossicles, small bones
103
ot/o
ear
104
salping/o
tube
105
staped/o
stapes
106
vestibu/o
vestibule
107
- acusis
| - cusis
hearing
108
-meter
instrument to measure
109
-otia
ear condition
110
stapedectomy
removal of the stapes
+ surgical treatment for otosclerosis (hardening of stapes in oval window)
+ veingraft & prosthesis
111
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor arising from acoustic nerve
112
cholesteatoma
collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within middle ear
113
menière disease
disorder of labyrinth; elevated endolymph pressure and semicircular canals
114
otitis media
inflammation of middle ear
115
tinnitus
ringing of the ear
116
vertigo
dizziness
117
otologist (MD)
physician who specializes in treating conditions of the ear
118
audiologist
specialist (not an MD) who administers hearing tests
| + works with audiometers, tuning forks, hearing aids
119
audiometer
instrument to measure hearing
120
audiogram
record of hearing
121
audiometry
measurement of hearing
122
otoscopy
visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope
123
tuning fork test
tests ear conduction
124
cochlear implants
for people who are born deaf
| + helps conduct sounds
