Chapter 15: Musculoskeletal Flashcards
(163 cards)
1
Q
Bone
A
organs composed of connective tissue
2
Q
osteoblasts
A
immature bone cells
3
Q
osteoclasts
A
bone cells that function to reabsorb bony tissue
4
Q
joints
A
place where bones come together
5
Q
muscles
A
responsible for movement
6
Q
tendons
A
connect muscle to bone
7
Q
ligaments
A
connect bone to bone
8
Q
MD (orthopedists)
A
physicians who treat (surgically and medically, bone, joint and muscle conditions)
9
Q
DO (orthopedists)
A
similar to MD; can perform surgery and medically
10
Q
DC chiropractor
A
not an MD; manipulates spinal column
11
Q
physical therapist
A
has MS or PhD who develops treatment plan based o physician’s diagnosis
12
Q
athletic trainer
A
works with physician to provide intervention and rehab for sports injuries (must have a BS)
13
Q
epiphysis
A
end of bone
14
Q
diaphysis
A
middle region of bone
15
Q
periosteum
A
surrounds the bone
16
Q
metaphysis
A
flared portion of bone lying between epiphysis and diaphysis
17
Q
cancellous
A
spongy bone
18
Q
compact
A
dense bone
19
Q
fontanelles
A
soft spots found in infants
+ up to 2-3 years old
20
Q
sutures
A
joint in the skull
21
Q
foramen magnum
A
where the spinal cord goes through the skull
22
Q
mandible
A
jaw bone
23
Q
maxilla
A
upper lip bone
24
Q
zygomatic
A
cheek bone
25
intervertebral disc
pad of cartilage which absorbs shock and provides flexibility to vertebrae
26
lamina
flat plate between each transverse process
27
transverse process
on each side of spinous process
28
spinal canal
space for spinal cord
29
cervical vertebrae
c1 - c7
30
thoracic vertebrae
t1 - t12
31
lumbar vertebrae
l1 - l5
32
sacral vertebrae
sacrum
33
coccyx
tailbone
34
clavic/o
| clavicul/o
clavicle
35
scapul/o
scapula
36
stern/o
sternum
37
cost/o
ribs
38
humer/o
humerus
39
uln/o
ulna
40
radi/o
radius
| x-ray
41
carp/o
carpals
42
metacarp/o
metacarpals
43
phalang/o
fingers/toes
44
femor/o
femur
45
patell/o
patella
46
tibi/o
tibia
47
fibul/o
fibula
48
tars/o
tarsal
49
calc/o
| calci/o
calcium
50
lamin/o
lamina (thin, flat plate)
51
lord/o
swayback (anterior curve of lumbar region)
52
lumb/o
loins, lower back
53
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
54
-listhesis
displacement, slipping
55
kyph/o
humpback (posterior curve of thoracic region)
56
kyphosis
abnormal condition of humpback of thoracic region
| + due to osteoporosis
57
lordosis
abnormal condition of swayback of lumbar region
58
orth/o
straight, upright
59
oste/o
bone
60
scoli/o
twisted or crooked
61
spondyl/o
vertebra
62
vertebr/o
vertebra
63
scoliosis
abnormal condition of crooked, bent (lateral curvature) of spine
64
-blast
embryonic, immature
65
-clast
something that breaks
66
-malacia
softening (of tissue)
67
-physis
to grow, growing, growth
68
-porosis
porous
69
-tome
instrument to cut
70
acetabul/o
acetabulum (hip socket)
71
calcane/o
calcaneus (heel bone)
72
carp/o
wrist bone
73
olecran/o
olecranon fossa (in elbow)
74
crani/o
skull
75
ili/o
ilium
76
ischi/o
ischium (hip bone)
77
malleol/o
malleolus
78
mandibu/o
mandible
79
maxill/o
maxilla
80
metacarp/o
metacarpals (hand bones)
81
pelv/o
| pelv/i
pelvis
82
perone/o
peroneum (tibia)
83
pub/o
pubis, pubic bone
84
scapul/o
scapula
85
stern/o
sternum
86
tars/o
hind foot (ankle bones)
87
tibi/o
tibia
88
Ewing sarcoma
rare malignant tumor arising in bone (usually in children)
89
exostosis
bone spur
90
fractures
breaking of bone
91
simple fracture
broken bone, no open wound
92
compound fracture
broken bone, bone protrude through open wound in skin
93
compression fracture
crushing
94
comminuted fracture
break with pieces of bone in area
95
osteosarcoma
- tumor of bone flesh
| - tumor (malignant) arising from osteoblasts
96
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density with thinning and weakening of bone
97
osteopenia
bone mineral density lower than normal
98
synovial membrane
lines synovial cavity
99
synovial fluid
contains water and nutrients that nourish/lubricate joints
100
meniscus
crescent-shpaed fibrocartilaginous which acts as a protective cushion
101
bursa
sacs of synovial fluid; serve as layer of lubrication between tissues
102
ankyl/o
bent, crooked, stiff
103
arthr/o
joint
104
articul/o
joint
105
burs/o
bursa
106
chondr/o
cartilage
107
ligament/o
ligament
108
rheumat/o
water flow, refers to joint fluids
109
synovi/o
synovial
110
ten/o
| tendin/o
tendon
111
-desis
bind, tie together
112
-stenosis
narrowing, tightening
113
spinal stenosis
spinal canal narrows
| + effects of aging due to wear and tear
114
arthritis
inflammation of joint
115
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of spinal joints, primarily spine
116
osteoarthritis (OA)
progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone
117
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain
| - autoimmune reaction against joints (esp synovial membrane)
118
bunion
enlargement of bone or tissue around joint at base of big toe
119
carpal tunnel syndrome
compression of median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament and bones and tendons of wrist
120
ganglion cyst
fluid filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons
121
herniated disk
abnormal protrusion of intervertebral disk into spinal canal or spinal nerves
122
lyme disease
chronic recurrent disorder with arthritis, myalgia, and malaise caused by bacteria carried by a tick
123
rhabd/o
striated muscle
124
lei/o
smooth muscle
125
cardi/o
heart (muscle)
126
flexion
bending a limb
127
extension
straightening out a limb
128
abduction
movement away from body midline
129
adduction
movement toward body midline
130
rotation
movement around an axis
131
dorsiflexion
moving for upward toward knee
132
plantar flexion
moving foot downward toward ground
133
supination
elbow bent, turn palm up
134
pronation
elbow bent, turn palm down
135
fasci/o
fascia
136
leiomy/o
smooth muscle
137
my/o
| myos/o
muscle
138
mycardi/o
heart muscle
139
plant/o
sole of foot
140
rhabomy/o
striped muscle
141
sarc/o
flesth
142
-asthenia
weakness, lack of strength
143
-trophy
development, nourishment
144
ab-
away from
145
ad-
toward
146
dorsi-
back
147
poly-
many
148
athrocentesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from joint
149
arthrograhy
taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint
- process of recording joints
150
arthroplasty
surgical repair or replacement of a joint
151
arthroscopy
process of visual examination of joint
152
bone density
low energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist
+ measure bone mass
153
bone scan
radioactive iodine injected IV and nuclear medicine physician uses special scanning device to detect areas of increased uptake
154
craniotome
instrument to cut the skull
155
hypercalcemia
excessive calcium in the blood
156
laminectomy
excision of the lamina
157
osteodystrophy
abnormal growth of the bone
158
subcostal
pertaining to below the ribs
159
ankylosis
abnormal condition of being bent, crooked or stiff
160
atrophy
without, no growth
161
hypertrophy
excessive growth
162
myopathy
disease of the muscle
163
tendinitis
inflammation of the tendon
