CHAPTER 13: CLINICAL AND COUNSELING ASSESSMENT Flashcards
(77 cards)
It is the branch of psychology primarily focused on the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of serious mental disorders and abnormal behavior. It deals with complex psychological conditions such as schizophrenia, major depression, and personality disorders, often using evidence-based interventions in clinical settings like hospitals or mental health centers.
Clinical Psychology
It is a branch of psychology that emphasizes helping individuals cope with everyday life challenges, developmental issues, and mild to moderate mental health concerns. It focuses on personal growth, adjustment, and well-being, often working with individuals who are generally functioning well but facing stress, transitions, or interpersonal difficulties. Counseling psychologists commonly work in schools, universities, or private practice.
Counseling Psychology
It pertains to the level of psychological and physical performance prior to the development of a disorder, an illness, or a disability.
Premorbid Functioning
It is defined as the rate (annual, monthly, weekly, daily, or other) of new occurrences of a particular disorder or condition in a particular population.
Incidence
It refers to the approximate proportion of individuals in a given population at a given point (or range) in time who have been diagnosed or otherwise labeled with a particular disorder or condition.
Prevalence
According to Wakefield (1992), it defines a disorder as a harmful dysfunction in which an internal mental mechanism fails to perform its naturally selected (evolutionary) function, and this failure is harmful to the individual. It combines both a scientific judgment (dysfunction) and a value judgment (harm).
Evolutionary View of Mental Disorder
It is a multidisciplinary approach to assessment that includes exploration of relevant biological, psychological, social, cultural, and environmental variables for the purpose of evaluating how such variables may have contributed to the development and maintenance of a presenting problem.
Biopsychosocial Assessment
The belief that what happens in life is largely beyond a person’s control.
Fatalism
It pertains to the confidence in one’s own ability to accomplish a task
Self-efficacy
It refers to the expressions of understanding, acceptance, empathy, love, advice, guidance, care, concern, or trust from friends, family, community caregivers, or others in one’s social environment.
Social Support
It is an agreement between client and therapist setting forth goals, expectations, and mutual obligations with regard to a course of therapy.
Therapeutic Contract
It is a semistructured interview designed to assist clinicians and researchers in diagnostic decision-making.
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID)
It is a standardized interview designed to detect schizophrenia and disorders of affect (such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders).
Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS)
It is used primarily in efforts to detect malingering.
Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms-2 (SIRS-2)
It is the general name applied to any interview where one objective is to place the interviewee in a pressured state for some particular reason.
Stress interview
It is conducted while the interviewee is under hypnosis. It may be conducted as part of a therapeutic assessment or intervention when the interviewee has been an eyewitness to a crime or related situations.
Hypnotic Interview
In this type of interview, rapport is established, and the interviewee is encouraged to use imagery and focused retrieval to recall information. If the interviewee is an eyewitness to a crime, he or she may be asked to shift perspective and describe events from the viewpoint of the perpetrator.
Cognitive Interview
It allows the interviewee wide latitude to interact with the interviewer. It is almost as if the boundary between professional assessor and lay assessee has been diminished and both are participants working closely together—collaborating—on a common mission of discovery, clarification, and enlightenment.
Collaborative Interview
It is a structured clinical assessment used to evaluate a person’s intellectual, emotional, and neurological functioning. This involves observing and questioning the individual across several domains such as appearance, behavior, mood, thought processes, memory, orientation, and judgment, to identify any abnormalities or deficits.
Mental Status Examination
It refers to the measurement qualities of interviews, particularly in terms of reliability and validity, just like psychological tests.
Psychometric Aspects of the Interview
It refers to biographical and background information about a person (the assessee), gathered from various sources such as interviews, medical records, school records, and other relevant documents. This data helps professionals understand the individual’s history and context, and is especially useful for interpreting behavior and results from psychological tests or interviews.
Case History Data
It is a 175-item true–false test that yields scores related to enduring personality features as well as acute symptoms. As implied in the name of this multiaxial test, it can yield information that can assist clinicians in making diagnoses based on the multiaxial DSM.
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III (MCMI-III)
It is the most widely used test to measure the severity of depression, and is a self-report measure consisting of 21 items, each tapping a specific symptom or attitude associated with depression.
Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II)
It is another widely used self-report measure of depressive symptoms. This consists of 20 items, although shorter versions of the scale have been developed as screening tools for depression.
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
