Chapter 13: Multiple Severe Disabilities

Question 1

Traumatic Brain Injury (define)

Answer 1

-Aka acquired brain injuries

Injuries to brain from external force, resulting in neurological/ neurobehavioural dysfunction

-Not caused by degrative/inherited condition, like alzheimers

Question 2

What % of traumatic brain injuries are moderate to severe?

Answer 2

16%

Question 3

Why are traumatic brain injuries called “the silent epidemic” ?

Answer 3

Because of the rising prevalence (esp. concussions) and lack of reports/detection

Question 4

What two types of traumatic brain injury can be acquired?

Answer 4

Open head injuries (penetrating wound)

Closed head injuries (internal bleeding, compression, or stretching)

Question 5

What are the most common causes of traumatic brain injury (4)?

Answer 5

Under age 5 = accidental falls

Over age 5 = vehicular accidents

Sports (m) = hockey

Sports (f) = soccer

Question 6

What should be emphasized in education for people with traumatic brain injuries?

Answer 6

Recovering cognitive abilities

Question 7

Deaf-Blindness

Answer 7

• Individuals with comorbid visual and hearing impairment

- “regular” special ed for EITHER deafness OR blindness is not sufficient

Question 8

Deaf blindness can be grouped into 3 broad categories:

Answer 8

1. Genetic/chromosomal syndromes (CHARGE, Usher, down syndrome)
2. Prenatal conditions (Rubella and CMV)
3. Postnatal conditions (meningitis and TBI)

Question 9

What are 3 causes for deaf-blindness?

Answer 9

1. Genetic or chromosomal (usher syndrome, down syndrome)
2. Prenatal (rubella)
3. Postnatal (meningitis)

Question 10

Usher Syndrome

Answer 10

• Hereditary, from not enough gene variation (only marrying within community)
• Causes hearing impairment, vision problems (“tunnel vision”), and poor balance
• Symptoms can appear/increase at different stages of life (progressive)

Question 11

Deaf-Blindness psychological and behavioural characteristics? (3)

Answer 11

1. Lack of communication, isolation
2. Difficulty accessing information
3. Difficulty navigating environment

Question 12

What is the primary communication method for deaf-blindness?

Answer 12

Pro-Tactile ASL

Question 13

Self Stimulation

Answer 13

Any repetitive or stereotyped behaviour that has no immediate purpose, other than providing sensory stimulation

-tics, scratching, etc.

Question 14

What should transition to adulthood focus on for deaf-blind individuals? (One most important, 4 others)

Answer 14

1. Self determination

2. Person centred planning
3. Finding support and community
4. Vocational training
5. Domestic-living skills

Question 15

After age 5, what is the primary cause of TBI?

Answer 15

Vehicular accidents