Chapter 6: Learners with Learning Disabilities

Question 1

Response to Intervention (RTI) is the more empirically supported way if determining whether a student has a learning disability

True or False

Answer 1

False - there is little research on RTI and learning disabilities

Question 2

People with learning disabilities have a central nervous system dysfunction

True or False

Answer 2

True - It used to be thought they had brain damage but it is actually a malfunctioning of the brain

Question 3

The most common way to identify students with having a learning disability is if they:

A) Are non-responsive to RTI
B) exhibit a severe achievement-ability discrepancy
C) Being talking later than their peers
D) Are very hyper

Answer 3

B) exhibit a severe achievement-ability discrepancy

Question 4

_______ disabilities are the largest category that receives special education, with about half of the students being identified

Answer 4

Learning

Question 5

Learning disabilities are steadily increasing

True or False

Answer 5

True

Social/cultural changes may increase vulnerability such as poverty but kids may also be overidientified due to it being less stigmatizing than intellectual disability

Question 6

Who is more likely to be identified with a learning disability, boys or girls?

Answer 6

Boys - they outnumber girls 3:1

Question 7

Neuromaging techniques have found evidence for structural and functional differences between neuro-typical and those with learning disabilities

True or False

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What causes CNS dysfunction in children with learning disabilities?

A) genetic factors
B) toxic factors
C) medical factors
D) All of the above

Answer 8

D) all of the above

Question 9

Individuals with learning disabilities exhibit a great deal of _____ variation and ________ variation

Answer 9

Interindividual; intraindividual

Interindiivdual - no two are exactly alike which makes programs difficulty

Intraindividual - people typically have difficulties in one area but not another

Question 10

Phonological awareness is the ability to:

A) segment words into smaller units of sound
B) covert written words into spoken words
C) read words accurately and at an appropriate pace
D) gain meaning from print

Answer 10

A) segment words into smaller units of sound (phonemes)

Question 11

Decoding is the ability to:

A) segment words into smaller units of sound
B) covert written words into spoken words
C) read words accurately and at an appropriate pace
D) gain meaning from print

Answer 11

B) convert written words into spoken sounds

Question 12

Children with dyslexia are likely to experience problems in:

A) phonological awareness 
B) Decoding 
C) Reading fluency 
D) Vocabulary 
E) Reading comprehension 
F) All of the above

Answer 12

F) all of the above

Question 13

Dysgraphia refers to a difficulty in:

A) understanding graphs
B) written language (handwriting, spelling, composition)
C) spoken language
D) Math

Answer 13

B) written language (handwriting, spelling, composition)

Question 14

Students with learning disbailtieis have at least 2 types of memory problems:

A) STM and working memory
B) STM and retrieval from LTM
C) working memory and retrieval from LTM
D) Retrieval from LTM and phonological awareness

Answer 14

C) Working memory and retrieval from LTM

Children with LD don’t use mental strategies during memory tasks

Question 15

Children with LD are more likely to develop social-emotional problems due to the inability to read social/emotional cues

True or False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

People with LD have also been referred to as ______ learners

Answer 16

Inactive

Question 17

A teacher guides a student through a problem as would an expert training an apprentice. This is referred to as:

A) Scaffolded instruction
B) Self-monitoring
C) Reciprocal teaching
D) Self-instruction

Answer 17

C) Reciprocal teaching - there is back and forth dialogue

Question 18

When a child is taught self-insturciton they go though a series of prompts:

A) problem definiiton, strategy use, planning, evaluation, self-reinforcement

B) planning, problem definition, self-evaluation, strategy use, reinforcement

C) Problem definition, planning, strategy use, self-evaluation, self-reinforcement

D) self-evaluation, planning, strategy use, problem definition, self-reinforcement

Answer 18

C) Problem definition, planning, strategy use, self-evaluation, self-reinforcement

Question 19

Which of the following is not an instructional approach in improving reading skills:

A) Phonics learning
B) Mnemonics
C) Repeated readings
D) self-regulated strategy development (SRSD)

Answer 19

D) self-regulated strategy development (SRSD)

Question 20

Breaking down a task into smaller components i order to complete a subcomponent before moving onto the next is an example of:

A) Task analysis
B) Phonics instruction
C) self-regulated strategy development

Answer 20

A) Task analysis

Question 21

There is extensive intervention programs for children with LD that begin in preschool

True or False

Answer 21

False - it is difficult to identify children until there is academic demands placed on them

Question 22

People typically grow out of learning disbabilities and live successful lives

True or False

Answer 22

False - learning disabilities are typically present in adulthood and they have a more difficult time gaining and keeping employment and living independently