Chapter 13 - Respiratory System (13.3-13.5) Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
diaphragm
A
musculoligamentous partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
2
Q
fissure
A
deep furrow or cleft
3
Q
hilum, hila (pl)
A
the site where nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ
4
Q
lobe
A
subdivision of an organ or other part
5
Q
lobar
A
pertaining to or part of a lobe
6
Q
mediastinum
A
area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea
7
Q
parenchyma
A
characteristic functional cells of a gland or organ that are supported by the connective tissue framework
8
Q
stroma
A
connective tissue framework that supports the parenchyma of an organ or gland
9
Q
trachealis
A
pertaining to the trachea
10
Q
exhale (verb)
A
breathe out
11
Q
exhalation (noun)
A
the process of breathing out
12
Q
expire
A
breathe out
13
Q
expiration
A
the process of breathing out
14
Q
inflate
A
expand with air
15
Q
inflation
A
process of expanding with air
16
Q
inhale
A
breathe in
17
Q
inhalation (noun)
A
process of breathing in
18
Q
inspire
A
breathe in
19
Q
inspiration
A
process of breathing in
20
Q
membrane
A
thin layer of tissue covering a structure or cavity
21
Q
parietal
A
pertaining to the outer layer of the serous membrane lining the thoracic and other body cavities
22
Q
pleura, pleurae (pl)
A
membrane covering the lungs and lining the ribs in the thoracic cavity
23
Q
pleural
A
pertaining to the pleura
24
Q
pulmonary
A
pertaining to the lungs and their blood supply
25
surfactant
a protein and fat compound that reduces surface tension to hold lung alveolar walls apart
26
apnea
absence of spontaneous respiration
27
aphonia
loss of voice
28
hypoxemia
decreased levels of oxygen in the blood
29
anoxia
complete deprivation of oxygen supply
30
coryza (aka rhinitis)
viral inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose
31
epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
32
epistaxis
nosebleed
33
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
34
laryngotracheobronchitis
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
35
mucopurulent
mixture of pus and mucus
36
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
37
polysomnography
test to monitor brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, and oxygen levels in the blood as the patient sleeps
38
sinusitis
inflammation of the lining of a sinus
39
snore
noise vibrations in the structures of the nasopharynx
40
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
41
bradypnea
slow breathing
42
compliance
measure of the capacity of a chamber or hollow viscus to expand, in this case, the lungs
43
cyanosis
blue discolouration of the skin, lips, and nail beds due to low levels of oxygen in the blood
44
cyanotic
marked by cyanosis
45
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
46
eupnea
normal breathing
47
expectorate
cough and spit out mucus from the respiratory tract
48
hemoptysis
bloody sputum
49
hyperpnea
deeper and more rapid breathing than normal
50
phlegm
abnormal amounts of mucus expectorated from the respiratory tract
51
sputum
matter coughed up and spat out by individuals with respiratory disorders
52
tachypnea
rapid breathing
53
asthma
episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways
54
asthmatic
pertaining to, or suffering from, asthma
55
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of the bronchi following inflammatory disease and obstruction
56
bronchiolitis
inflammation of the small bronchioles
57
bronchoconstriction
reduction in diameter of a bronchus
58
bulla, bullae (pl)
bubble-like dilated structure
59
cor pulmonale
right-sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease
60
cystic fibrosis (CF)
genetic disease in which excessive viscid mucus obstructs passages, including bronchi
61
emphysema
dilation of respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
62
hypercapnia
abnormal increase of carbon dioxide in the arterial bloodstream
63
hyperinflation
overdistension of pulmonary alveoli with air resulting from airway obstruction
64
hypersecretion
excessive secretion of mucus (or enzymes or waste products)
65
hypoxia
decrease below normal levels of oxygen in tissues, gases, or blood
66
hypoxic
deficient in oxygen
67
retraction
a pulling back, as a pulling back of the intercostal spaces and the neck above the clavicle.
68
anthracosis
lung disease caused by the inhalation of coal dust
69
asbestosis
lung disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos particles
70
abscess
a collection of pus surrounded by infected tissue that is swollen and inflamed
71
atelectasis
collapse of part of a lung
72
bronchogenic
arising from a bronchus
73
bronchopneumonia
acute inflammation of the walls of smaller bronchioles with spread to lung parenchyma
74
consolidate
making firm or solid
75
consolidated
an aerated tissue that has become firm or solid
76
consolidation
area of solid tissue that was once aerated
77
effusion
collection of fluid that has escaped from blood vessels into a cavity or tissues
78
empyema
pus in a body cavity, particularly in the pleural cavity
79
pyothorax
empyema in a pleural cavity
80
flail chest
condition in which three or more consecutive ribs have been fractured, resulting in uncontrolled movement of that segment of the chest
81
hemothorax
blood in the pleural cavity
82
idiopathic
pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology
83
mesothelioma
cancer arising from the cells lining the pleura or peritoneum
84
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
85
pleuritic
pertaining to pleurisy
86
pneumoconiosis
fibrotic lung disease caused by the inhalation of different dusts
87
pneumonia
inflammation of the lung parenchyma
88
pneumothorax
air in the pleural cavity
89
sarcoidosis
granulomatous lesions of lungs and other organs; cause is unknown
90
silicosis
fibrotic lung disease from inhaling silica particles
91
thromboembolism
a piece of detached blood clot (embolus) blocking a distant blood vessel
92
tuberculosis
infectious disease that can infect any organ or tissue
93
crackle, rale (synonym)
explosive popping sound due to the sudden opening of small airways or air moving through secretions
94
pleural rub
grating sound due to pleural membranes rubbing against each other
95
pulmonary (adj)
pertaining to the lungs and their blood supply
96
pulmonology
study of the lungs, or the medical specialty of disorders of the respiratory tract
97
pulmonologist
medical specialist in pulmonary disorders
98
rhoncus, rhonchi (pl), wheeze (syn)
wheezing sound heard on auscultation of the lungs, made by air passing through a constricted lumen
99
spirometer
an instrument used to measure respiratory volumes
100
stridor
high-pitched noise made when there is respiratory obstruction in the larynx or trachea
101
wheeze, wheezes (pl)
musical sound of the airways associated with asthma
102
bronchoscope
endoscope used for bronchoscopy
103
bronchoscopy
examination of the interior of the tracheobronchial tree with an endoscope
104
cautery
The use of heat or chemicals to burn tissue, usually to stop bleeding or destroy abnormal tissue
105
endotracheal
pertaining to being inside the trachea
106
laryngoscope
hollow tube with a light and camera used to visualize or operate on the larynx
107
lobectomy
surgical removal of a lobe of the lungs
108
mediastinoscopy
examination of the mediastinum using an endoscope
109
pneumonectomy
surgical removal of a lung
110
resection (noun), resect (verb)
removal of a specific part of an organ or structure
111
rhinoplasty
surgical procedure to change the size or shape of the nose
112
segmentectomy
surgical excision of a segment of a tissue or organ
113
thoracentesis, pleural tap (syn)
insertion of a needle into the pleural cavity to withdraw fluid or air
114
thoracotomy
incision through chest wall
115
tomography
radiographic image of a selected slice or section of tissue
116
tracheostomy
surgical opening into the trachea, through which a tube can be inserted to assist breathing
117
tracheotomy
incision made into the trachea to create a tracheostomy
118
ultrasonography
delineation of deep structures using sound waves
119
aerosol
stable liquid suspension intended for use by inhalation
120
agonist
agent that combines with receptors on cells to initiate drug actions
121
anticholinergic
antagonistic to the action of parasympathetic nerve fibers
122
cannula, cannulae (pl)
tube inserted into a cavity or blood vessel as a channel for fluid or gases
123
decongestant
agent that reduces the swelling and fluid in the nose and sinuses
124
glucocorticosteroid
hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences glycogen metabolism and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect
125
inhaler
instrument for delivering medication by inhalation
126
mucolytic
agent capable of dissolving or liquefying mucus
127
nebulizer
device used to deliver liquid medicine in a fine mist for inhalation
