Chapter 17 - Endocrine System (17.1)

Question 1

antidiuretic

Answer 1

an agent that decreases urine production

Question 2

antidiuretic hormone

Answer 2

posterior pituitary hormone that decreases urine output by acting on the kidney; also called vasopressin

Question 3

endocrine

Answer 3

pertaining to a gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion

Question 4

endocrinology

Answer 4

medical specialty concerned with the production and effects of hormones

Question 5

endocrinologist

Answer 5

a medical specialist in endocrinology

Question 6

gland

Answer 6

a collection of cells functioning as a secretory or excretory organ

Question 7

hormone

Answer 7

chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

Question 8

hormonal

Answer 8

pertaining to a hormone or the endocrine system

Question 9

leptin

Answer 9

hormone secrete by adipose tissue

Question 10

melatonin

Answer 10

hormone formed by the pineal gland

Question 11

oxytocin

Answer 11

hypothalamic hormone, stored in the posterior pituitary, that stimulates the uterus to contract

Question 12

parathyroid

Answer 12

endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

Question 13

pineal

Answer 13

pertaining to the pineal gland

Question 14

pituitary

Answer 14

pertaining to the pituitary gland

Question 15

prostaglandin

Answer 15

hormone present in many tissues, but first isolated from prostate gland

Question 16

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Answer 16

depression that occurs at the same time every year, often in winter

Question 17

serotonin

Answer 17

a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems

Question 18

adenohypophysis

Answer 18

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 19

adrenal gland

Answer 19

the suprarenal, or adrenal, gland on the upper pole of each kidney

Question 20

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 20

hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormones

Question 21

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) aka vasopressin

Answer 21

posterior pituitary hormone that decreases urine output by acting on the kidney

Question 22

corticosteroid

Answer 22

a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

Question 23

corticotropin

Answer 23

pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone

Question 24

hypophysis

Answer 24

another name for the pituitary gland

Question 25

neurohypophysis

Answer 25

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 26

prolactin

Answer 26

pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk

Question 27

somatotropin (aka growth hormone)

Answer 27

hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates growth of body tissues

Question 28

thyroid

Answer 28

endocrine gland in the neck, or a cartilage of the larynx

Question 29

thyrotropin

Answer 29

hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland

Question 30

thyroxine

Answer 30

thyroid hormone T4, tetraiodothyronine

Question 31

tropin/trophin

Answer 31

tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to produce hormones

Question 32

vasopressin (aka ADH)

Answer 32

pituitary hormone that constricts blood vessels and decreases urine output

Question 33

antagonist

Answer 33

an opposing structure, agent, disease, or process

Question 34

antagonistic (adj)

Answer 34

having an opposite function

Question 35

calcitonin

Answer 35

thyroid hormone that moves calcium from blood to bones

Question 36

iodine

Answer 36

chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease

Question 37

parathyroid

Answer 37

endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

Question 38

thymus

Answer 38

endocrine gland located in the mediastinum

Question 39

thyroid hormone

Answer 39

collective term for the two thyroid hormones, T3 and T4

Question 40

thyroxine

Answer 40

Thyroid hormone T4, tetraiodothyronine

Question 41

triiodothyronine

Answer 41

thyroid hormone T3

Question 42

adrenal gland

Answer 42

the suprarenal, or adrenal, gland on the upper pole of each kidney

Question 43

adrenaline (aka epinephrine)

Answer 43

one of the catecholamines

Question 44

adrenocortical

Answer 44

pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland

Question 45

aldosterone

Answer 45

mineralocorticoid hormone of the adrenal cortex

Question 46

catecholamine

Answer 46

any major hormones in stress response; includes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 47

corticoid (aka corticosteroid)

Answer 47

one of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

Question 48

cortisol (aka hydrocortisone)

Answer 48

one of the glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex; has anti-inflammatory effects

Question 49

dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Answer 49

precursor to testosterone; produced in the adrenal cortex

Question 50

epinephrine (aka adrenaline)

Answer 50

main catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla

Question 51

glucocorticoid

Answer 51

hormone of the adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism

Question 52

hydrocortisone (aka cortisol)

Answer 52

potent glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties

Question 53

mineralocorticoid

Answer 53

hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism

Question 54

norepinephrine (aka noradrenaline)

Answer 54

parasympathetic neurotransmitter that is a catecholamine hormone of the adrenal gland

Question 55

glucagon

Answer 55

pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels

Question 56

gluconeogenesis

Answer 56

formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

Question 57

glycogenolysis

Answer 57

conversion of glycogen to glucose

Question 58

insulin

Answer 58

a hormone secreted by the islet cells of the pancreas

Question 59

pancreas

Answer 59

lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum

Question 60

pancreatic (adj)

Answer 60

pertaining to the pancreas

Question 61

pancreatic islets

Answer 61

areas of pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon

Question 62

somatostatin

Answer 62

hormone that inhibits the release of growth hormone and insulin