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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Nervous System Flashcards

sections 9.4 & 9.5

1
Q

demyelination

A

process of losing the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber

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2
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of brain cells and tissues

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3
Q

encephalomyelitis

A

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

exacerbation

A

period when there is an increase in the severity of a disease

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5
Q

Guillain-Barré syndrome

A

disorder in which the body makes antibodies against myelin, disrupting nerve conduction

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6
Q

intermittent

A

alternately ceasing and beginning again

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7
Q

paresthesia, paresthesias (pl.)

A

abnormal sensation; e.g., tingling, burning, prickling

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8
Q

remission

A

period when there is a lessening or absence of the symptoms of a disease

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9
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A

disease in which fat buildup in neurons of the brain and spinal cord causing their destruction

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10
Q

acute

A

having a rapid onset and duration

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11
Q

amyotrophic

A

pertaining to muscular atrophy

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12
Q

atrophy

A

a squeezing together so as to increase density and/or decrease a dimension of a structure

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13
Q

hernia (noun)

A

protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it

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14
Q

herniation

A

protrusion of an anatomical structure from its normal location

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15
Q

herniate (verb)

A

to protrude

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16
Q

Lyme disease

A

disease transmitted by the bite of an infected deer tick

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17
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

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18
Q

paralyze (verb)

A

to make incapable of movement

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19
Q

paralysis (noun)

A

loss of voluntary movement

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20
Q

paralytic (adj)

A

pertaining to or suffering from paralysis

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21
Q

poliomyelitis (aka polio)

A

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord, leading to paralysis of the limbs and muscles of respiration

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22
Q

postpolio syndrome

A

progressive muscle weakness in a person previously affected by polio

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23
Q

spondylosis

A

degenerative osteoarthritis of the spine

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24
Q

subacute

A

less than rapid onset and duration of a condition, but not a long term disease

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25
syringomyelia
abnormal longitudinal cavities in the spinal cord that cause paresthesias and muscle weakness
26
botulism
caused by the neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum
27
carpal
pertaining to the wrist
28
carpal tunnel syndrome
compression of the median nerve in the wrist causing numbness, pain and tingling in the fingers and thumb
29
Charcot joint
bone and joint destruction secondary to a neuropathy and loss of sensation
30
varicella (aka chickenpox)
acute, contagious, viral disease
31
Clostridium botulinum
bacterium that causes botulism
32
shingles (aka herpes zoster)
painful eruption of vesicles that follows a dermatome or nerve root on one side of the body
33
myasthenia gravis
disorder of fluctuating muscle weakness
34
neuralgia
pain in the distribution of a nerve
35
neuromuscular
pertaining to both the nerves and muscles
36
neuropathy
any disease of the nervous system
37
neuropathic (adj)
pertaining to a disease of the nervous system
38
mononeuropathy
disorder affecting a single nerve
39
polyneuropathy
disorder affecting many nerves
40
neurotoxin
agent that poisons the nervous system
41
peroneal
pertaining to the lateral part (fibula) of the lower leg, or the nerve named after it
42
postherpetic
pertaining to after herpes infection
43
sciatica
pain from compression of the L5 or S1 nerve roots
44
sciatic (adj)
pertaining to the sciatic nerve or sciatica
45
ulnar
pertaining to the ulna or any of the structures (artery, vein, nerve) named after it
46
varicella
an acute infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus
47
anencephaly
born without cerebral hemispheres
48
anomaly
a structural abnormality
49
hydrocephalus
enlarged head due to excess CSF in the cerebral ventricles
50
meningocele
protrusion of the meninges from the spinal cord or brain through a defect in the vertebral column or cranium
51
meningomyelocele (also referred to as myelomeningocele)
protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral arch of one or more vertebrae
52
microcephaly
an abnormally small head
53
spina bifida
failure of one or more vertebral arches to close during fetal development
54
spina bifida cystica
meninges and spinal cord protrude through the absent vertebral arch and have the appearance of a cyst
55
spina bifida occulta
the deformity of the vertebral arch is not apparent from the skin surface
56
teratogen
agent that produces fetal deformities
57
teratogenic (adj)
capable of producing fetal deformities
58
angiography
process of recording the image of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
59
arteriography
x-ray visualization of an artery after injection of contrast material
60
doppler
diagnostic instrument that sends an ultrasonic beam into the body
61
doppler ultrasonography
imaging that detects direction, velocity, and turbulence of blood flow; used in workup of stroke patients
62
color Doppler ultrasonography
computer-generated colour image to show directions of blood flow
63
echoencephalography
use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of intracranial lesions
64
electroencephalogram (EEG)
record of the electrical activity of the brain
65
electroencephalograph
device used to record the electrical activity of the brain
66
electroencephalography
the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain
67
electromyography
recording of electrical activity in muscle
68
myelography
radiography of the spinal cord and nerve roots after injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space.
69
nerve conduction study
procedure to measure the speed at which an electrical impulse travels along a nerve
70
botox
neurotoxin injected into muscles to prevent the muscles from contracting
71
brachytherapy
radiation therapy in which the source of irradiation is implanted in the tissue to be treated
72
cranium
the bony container of the brain, excluding the face
73
cranioplasty
repair of a bone defect in the skull
74
craniotomy
surgical removal of part of a skull bone to expose the brain for surgery
75
endovascular
relating to the inside of a blood vessel
76
shunt
a bypass or diversion of fluid
77
addiction
habitual psychologic and physiologic dependence on a substance or practice
78
addictive
pertaining to or causing addiction
79
antagonism
situation of opposing
80
antagonist
an opposing structure, agent, disease, or process
81
antiepileptic
a pharmacologic agent capable of preventing or arresting epilepsy
82
psychedelic
agent that intensifies sensory perception
83
psychoactive
able to alter mood, behaviour, and/or cognition
84
sedative
agent that calms nervous excitement
85
sedation
state of being calmed
86
stimulant
agent that excited or strengthens functional activity
87
stimulation
arousal to increased functional activity
88
tolerance
the capacity to become accustomed to a stimulus or drug
89
tranquilizer
agent that calms without sedating or depressing
90
ablation
removal of tissue to destroy its function
91
analgesia
state in which pain is reduced
92
analgesic
substance that produces analgesia
93
anesthesia
complete loss of sensation
94
anesthesiologist
medical specialist in anesthesia
95
anesthesiology
medical specialty of anesthesia
96
anesthetic
an agent that causes absence of feeling or sensation
97
facet
small area, in this case around a pain-generating nerve
98
intrathecal
within the subarachnoid or subdural space
99
morphine
derivative of opium used as an analgesic or sedative
100
opiate
a drug derived from opium

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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