Chapter 6 - Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
amino acid
A
the basic building block for protein
2
Q
ammonia
A
toxic breakdown product of amino acids
3
Q
bladder
A
hollow sac that holds fluid; for example, urine or bile
4
Q
excretion
A
removal of waste products of metabolism out of the body
5
Q
excrete
A
to pass out of the body the waste products of metabolism
6
Q
kidney
A
organ of excretion
7
Q
nephrology
A
medical specialty of diseases of the kidney
8
Q
nephrologist
A
medical specialist in diseases of the kidney
9
Q
nitrogenous
A
containing or generating nitrogen
10
Q
renal
A
pertaining to the kidney
11
Q
urea
A
end product of nitrogen metabolism expelled in urine
12
Q
ureter
A
tube that connects the kidney to the urinary bladder
13
Q
ureteral
A
pertaining to the ureter
14
Q
urethra
A
canal leading from the bladder to outside
15
Q
urine
A
fluid and dissolved substances excreted by kidney
16
Q
urinary
A
pertaining to urine
17
Q
urinate
A
to pass urine
18
Q
urination
A
the act of passing urine
19
Q
urology
A
medical specialty of disorders of the urinary system
20
Q
urologist
A
medical specialist in disorders of the urinary system
21
Q
urologic
A
pertaining to urology
22
Q
calyx, calyces (pl.)
A
funnel-shaped structure
23
Q
cortex, cortices (pl.)
A
outer portion of an organ
24
Q
cortical
A
pertaining to the cortex
25
erythropoietin
protein secreted by the kidney that stimulates RBC production
26
filter
a porous substance through which a liquid or gas is passed to separate out contained particles; or to use a filter
27
filtrate
that which has passed through a filter
28
filtration
process of passing liquid through a filter
29
glomerulus
plexus of capillaries; part of a nephron
30
glomerular
pertaining to or affecting a glomerulus or glomeruli
31
hilum, hila (pl.)
the part where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ
32
medulla
central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex
33
nephron
filtration unit of the kidney; glomerulus + renal tubule
34
nephron loop (aka loop of henle)
part of the renal tubule where reabsorption occurs
35
pelvis
a cup-shaped cavity, as in the pelvis of the kidney
36
peritubular
surrounding the small renal tubules
37
permeable
allowing passage of substances through a membrane
38
semipermeable
freely permeable to water but not to solutes
39
impermeable
when nothing is allowed passage
40
absorb
to bring in
41
reabsorption
the taking back into the blood of substances that had previously been filtered out from it
42
renin
enzyme secreted by the kidney that causes vasoconstriction
43
external
outside a structure or organ
44
intermittent
alternately ceasing and beginning again
45
internal
inside a structure or organ
46
meatus
the external opening of a passage
47
micturition
act of passing urine
48
micturate
pass urine
49
oblique
slanting; projection that is neither frontal nor lateral
50
obliquely
going toward a slanting direction
51
peristalsis
waves of alternate contraction and relaxation along a tube to move its contents onward
52
peristaltic
pertaining to peristalsis
53
reflex
an involuntary response to a stimulus
54
reflux
backward flow
55
sphincter
band of muscle that encircles an opening; when the muscle contracts, the opening squeezes closed
56
urination
the passing of urine
57
void
to evacuate urine or feces
58
adenoma
benign tumour that originates from glandular tissue
59
benign
denoting the nonmalignant character of a neoplasm or illness
60
carcinoma
a cancerous (malignant) and invasive epithelial tumour
61
glomerulonephritis
infection of the glomeruli of kidney
62
interstitial
pertaining to the spaces between cells in a tissue or organ
63
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
64
nephroblastoma (aka Wilms tumor)
cancerous kidney tumour of childhood
65
nephropathy
any disease of the kidney
66
nephrotic syndrome (aka nephrosis)
glomerular disease with marked loss of protein
67
pyelitis
inflammation of renal pelvis
68
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
69
anuria
absence of urine production
70
azotemia
excess nitrogenous waste products (urea) in the blood
71
glycosuria
presence of glucose in the urine
72
hematuria
blood in the urine
73
hypertension
persistent high arterial blood pressure
74
microscopic
visible only with the aid of a microscope
75
nocturia
excessive urination at night
76
oliguria
scanty production of urine
77
polycystic
composed of many cysts
78
polyuria
excessive production of urine
79
proteinuria
presence of protein in the urine
80
uremia
a condition caused by excess urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood
81
calculus, calculi (pl)
small stone
82
hydronephrosis
dilation of pelvis and calyces of a kidney
83
hydronephrotic (adj)
pertaining to or suffering from the dilation of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney
84
nephrolithiasis
presence of a kidney stone
85
spasmodic
having intermittent spasms or contractions
86
cystitis
inflammation of the urinary bladder
87
dysuria
difficulty or pain with urination
88
frequency
the number of times something happens in a given time (e.g., passing urine)
89
idiopathic
pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology
90
incontinence
inability to prevent discharge of urine or feces
91
incontinent
denoting incontinence
92
retention
a holding in of what should normally be discharged (e.g., urine)
93
urethritis
inflammation of the urethtra
94
cast
a cylindrical mold formed by materials in kidney tubules
95
cystoscope
an endoscope to view the inside of the bladder
96
cystoscopy
the process of using a cystoscope
97
cystourethrogram
x-ray image during voiding to show structure and function of the bladder and urethra
98
ketone
chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation
99
ketosis
excess production of ketones
100
ketoacidosis
excessive production of ketones, making the blood acidic
101
nitrite
chemical formed in urine by Escherichia coli and other microorganisms
102
pyelogram
x-ray image of renal pelvis and ureters
103
retrograde
reversal of normal flow; for example, back from the bladder into the ureters
104
stage
a description of the distribution and extent of dissemination of a cancer disease process
105
suprapubic
above the symphysis pubis
106
urinalysis
examination of urine to separate it into its elements and define their kind and/or quantity
