Chapter 13 Ventilation

Question 1

Open space within walls for wires and pipes.

Answer 1

Chase

Question 2

The concealed space between the top-floor ceiling and the roof of a building.

Answer 2

Cockloft

Question 3

The movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure within the fire area toward the lower pressure areas accessible via doors, window openings, and roof structures.

Answer 3

Flow path

Question 4

A fire in which the heat release rate and fire growth are controlled by the characteristics of the fuel because there is adequate oxygen available for combustion.

Answer 4

Fuel-limited fire

Question 5

Connecting plate made of a thin sheet of steel used to connect the components of a truss.

Answer 5

Gusset plate

Question 6

The opening or removal of windows or doors on any floor of a fire building to create flow paths for fire conditions.

Answer 6

Horizontal ventilation

Question 7

Ventilation that relies on the movement of air caused by a fog stream that is placed 2 to 4 (0.6 to 1.2 m) in front of an open window.

Answer 7

Hydraulic ventilation

Question 8

A cut that is the width and depth of the saw blade. It is used to inspect cockloft spaces from the roof.

Answer 8

Kerf cut

Question 9

Thin strips of wood used to make the supporting structure for roof tiles.

Answer 9

Lath

Question 10

A cut that is made using power saws and axes to cut along and between roof supports so that the sections created can be tilted into the opening.

Answer 10

Louver cut

Question 11

A process of removing heat, smoke, and gases from a fire area by using exhaust fans, blowers, air-conditioning systems, or smoke ejectors.

Answer 11

Mechanical ventilation

Question 12

The flow of air or gases created by the difference in the pressures or gas densities between the outside and inside of a vent, room, or space.

Answer 12

Natural ventilation

Question 13

Ventilation that relies on electric fans to pull or draw the air from a structure or area.

Answer 13

Negative-pressure ventilation

Question 14

The interface at a vent, such as a doorway or a window opening, between the hot gas flowing out of a fire compartment where the pressure difference between the interior and exterior is equal.

Answer 14

Neutral plane

Question 15

The part of a wall entirely above the roofline.

Answer 15

Parapet

Question 16

A ventilation opening that runs along the top of a pitched roof.

Answer 16

Peak cut

Question 17

The use of positive-pressure fans to control the flow of products of combustion while fire suppression efforts are underway.

Answer 17

Positive-pressure attack

Question 18

Ventilation that relies on fans to push or force clean air into a structure after a structure fire has been controlled.

Answer 18

Positive-pressure ventilation

Question 19

The main ventilation opening made in a roof to allow smoke, heat, and gases to escape.

Answer 19

Primary cut

Question 20

The membrane, which may also be the roof assembly, that resists fire and provides weather protection to the building against water infiltration, wind, and impact.

Answer 20

Roof covering

Question 21

The rigid portion of roof between the roof supports and the roof covering.

Answer 21

Roof decking

Question 22

An additional ventilation opening made for the purpose of creating a larger opening or limiting fire spread.

Answer 22

Secondary cut

Question 23

A ventilation opening that is usually about 8 ft by 4 ft (1.2 m by 2.4 m) in size; it is primarily used for large commercial buildings with flat roofs.

Answer 23

Seven, nine, eight (7,9,8) rectangular cut

Question 24

A mechanical device, similar to a large fan, that can be used to force heat, smoke, and gases from a post-fire environment and draw in fresh air.

Answer 24

Smoke ejectors

Question 25

The condition in which smoke hangs low to the ground because of the presence of cold air.

Answer 25

Smoke inversion

Question 26

The process of striking a roof with a tool to determine where the roof supports are located.

Answer 26

Sounding

Question 27

The vertical air flow within buildings caused by the temperature-created density differences between the building interior and exterior or between two interior spaces.

Answer 27

Stack effect

Question 28

Another term for a trench cut.

Answer 28

Strip cut

Question 29

An offensive fire attack initiated by an exterior, indirect handline operation into the fire compartment to initiate cooling while transitioning into interior direct fire attack in coordination with ventilation operations.

Answer 29

Transitional attack

Question 30

A roof cut that is made from one load-bearing wall to another load-bearing wall and that is intended to prevent horizontal fire spread in a building.

Answer 30

Trench cut

Question 31

A triangle-shaped ventilation cut in the roof decking that is made using a saw or an axe.

Answer 31

Triangular cut

Question 32

The type of construction in which the fire walls, structural elements, walls, arches, floors, and roofs are of approved noncombustible or limited-combustible materials that have a specified fire resistance.

Answer 32

Type I construction (fire resistive)

Question 33

The type of construction in which the fire walls, structural elements, walls, arches, floors, and roofs are of approved noncombustible or limited-combustible materials without fire resistance.

Answer 33

Type II construction (noncombustible)

Question 34

The type of construction in which exterior walls and are approved noncombustible or limited-combustible materials and in which fire walls interior structural elements, walls, arches, floors, and roofs are entirely or partially of wood of smaller dimensions than required for Type IV construction or are of approved noncombustible, limited-combustible, or other approved combustible materials.

Answer 34

Type III construction (ordinary)

Question 35

The type of construction in which fire walls, exterior walls, and interior bearing walls are of approved noncombustible or limited-combustible materials. Other interior structural elements, arches, floors, and roofs are constructed of solid or laminated wood or cross-laminated timber without concealed spaces within allowable dimensions of the building of the building code.

Answer 35

Type IV construction (heavy timber)

Question 36

The type of construction in which structural elements, walls, arches, floors, and roofs are entirely or partially of wood or other approved material.

Answer 36

Type V construction (wood frame)

Question 37

The controlled and coordinated removal of heat and smoke from a structure, replacing the escaping gases with fresh air.

Answer 37

Ventilation

Question 38

A fire in which the heat release rate and fire growth are regulated to the available oxygen within the space.

Answer 38

Ventilation-limited fire

Question 39

The vertical venting of structures involving the opening of bulkhead doors, skylights, scuttles, and roof cutting operations to release smoke and heat from inside the fire building.

Answer 39

Vertical ventilation

Question 40

The process of removing smoke, heat, and toxic gases from a burning building ts called A. ventilation. B. convection. C. conduct ion. D. smoke inversion.

Answer 40

A. ventilation.

Question 41

As a fire progresses and grows, it produces smoke heat and toxic gases, which are collectively known as the A. products of combustion. B. products of ventilation. C. ejectors. D. exhaust

Answer 41

A. products of combustion.

Question 42

The transfer of heat through liquid or gas is called A. churning. B. c onduction. C. leap-frogging. D. convection.

Answer 42

D. convection.

Question 43

A vertical space within a wall where heat and toxic gases can climb to a higher level is a A. gap. B. convener. C. chase. D. space.

Answer 43

C. chase.

Question 44

When smoke, heat, and gases cannot fmd a vertical path, they A. roll B. mushroom C. flow. D. venulate.

Answer 44

B. mushroom

Question 45

A backdraft occurs when smoke, heat. and gases accumulate with a rich supply of partially burned fuels and are suddenly introduced to A. a flame B. increased temperature. C. clean air. D. open fuels.

Answer 45

C. clean air.

Question 46

Which type of ventilation occurs when fans are used to pull smoke through openings? A. Positive-pressure ventilation B. Natural ventilation C. Hydraulic ventilation D. Negative-pressure ventilation

Answer 46

D. Negative-pressure ventilation

Question 47

Which type of ventilation occurs when fans are used to push clean air into a space to displace smoke? A. Positive-pressure ventilation B. Natural ventilation C. Hydraulic ventilation D. Negative-pressure ventilation

Answer 47

A. Positive-pressure ventilation

Question 48

In a heated high-rise building, on a cold day there will probably be A. a strong downdraft. B. a strong updraft. C. an increase m air movement D. greater resistance lo air movement.

Answer 48

B. a strong updraft.

Question 49

If it is safe to do so, ventilation operations should be conducted A. in front of the fire. B. beside the fire. C. as close to the fire as possible. D. as soon as possible.

Answer 49

C. as close to the fire as possible.

Question 50

Horizontal ventilation is most effecuve when the opening goes direclly A. to another space wnhin the structure. B. into a stairwell. C. into the space where the fire is located. D. past the attack team.

Answer 50

C. into the space where the fire is located.

Question 51

When fire fighters need quick or immediate ventilation, they often use A. natural ventilation. B. mechanical ventilation. C. hydraulic ventilation. D. vertical ventilation

Answer 51

A. natural ventilation.

Question 52

When breaking glass for ventilation purposes, the fire fighter should always use a(n) A. "All clear" call. B. hand tool C. hose line D. safety break before splintering

Answer 52

B. hand tool

Question 53

Thermopane windows are more energy efficient and A. are more heal resistant B. are less heat resistant C. are easier to break D. provide greater ventilation

Answer 53

A. are more heal resistant

Question 54

Negative-pressure ventilation fans are called A. ventilators B. conductors C. smoke ejectors D. HVAC sys1ems

Answer 54

C. smoke ejectors

Question 55

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fans are powered by internal combustion engines and can increase carbon monoxide levels if they run for significant periods of time after the fire is extinguished. A. Negauve-pressure B. Honzontal C. Mechanical D. Positve-pressure

Answer 55

D. Positve-pressure

Question 56

Hydraulic ventilation is most useful for cleaning smoke and heat out of a room because it creates A. a low-pressure area behind the nozzle B. a high-pressure area behind the nozzle C. a mist that traps smoke particles and heat. D. water vapor

Answer 56

A. a low-pressure area behind the nozzle

Question 57

Ventilation openings should never be A. opened direclly into the atmosphere. B. between the fire fighters and the escape route. C. created without IC direction D. opened before proper sounding.

Answer 57

B. between the fire fighters and the escape route.

Question 58

All roofs have two major componems: A. a support structure and a roof shoring. B. beams and rafters. C. a support structure and a roof covering. D. a platform and a suppon system

Answer 58

C. a support structure and a roof covering.

Question 59

Trusses are connected with heavy-duty staples or by A. triangular plates. B. gusset plates. C. plate locks. D. truss plates.

Answer 59

B. gusset plates.

Question 60

A bearing wall is used A. as an exterior wall. B. to support the weight or a floor or roof. C. as an interior wall. D. to extend the firewall

Answer 60

B. to support the weight or a floor or roof.

Question 61

Which type or roof has a visible slope for rain or snow runoff? A. Bowstring roof B. Arched roof C. Flat roof D. Pitched roof

Answer 61

D. Pitched roof

Question 62

A triangular examination hole created with three small cuts is a A. kerf cul. B. rectangular cut. C. louver cut. D. triangular cut.

Answer 62

D. triangular cut.

Question 63

A cut that can create a large opening quickly and is parucularly stable for flat or sloping roofs with plywood decking is a A. kerf cul. B. rectangular cut. C. louver cut. D. triangular cut.

Answer 63

C. louver cut.

Question 64

A cut that works well on metal roofing because it prevents the decking from rolling away is a A. kerf cut. B. rectangular cut. C. louver cut. D. triangular cut.

Answer 64

D. triangular cut.

Question 65

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ventilation takes advantage of the doors and windows on the same level as the fire, as well as any other horizontal openings that are available.

Answer 65

Horizontal

Question 66

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is when the smoke or heat rises to reach a horizontal barrier and then begins to move out and back down

Answer 66

Mushrooming

Question 67

Positive-pressure fans operate at a(n) _______ velocity to increase the air pressure in a space

Answer 67

high

Question 68

Fire fighters should be _______ from the ventilation openings so the wind will push the heat and smoke away

Answer 68

upwind

Question 69

The collapse of a(n) ______ truss roof is usually very sudden; for this reason, the presence of such a roof must be noted during preincident planning.

Answer 69

bowstring

Question 70

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ventilation creates a large opening ahead of the fire to reduce the fuel for the fire to spread and increase smoke and gas now out of a building.

Answer 70

Trench cut

Question 71

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, _________ , and _________ are powerful natural factors that can greatly affect ventilation.

Answer 71

Wind, temperature, humidity

Question 72

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ windows are used to increase the energy efficiency of a structure.

Answer 72

Thermopane

Question 73

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ventilation is most useful after a fire is under control.

Answer 73

Hydraulic

Question 74

The most obvious risk to fire fighters performing vertical ventilation is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 74

roof callapse

Question 75

True/False Vertical ventilation operations often involve opcning or brcaking a window.

Answer 75

False

Question 76

True/False During ventilation, cutting several smaller holes is better than makmg one large hole.

Answer 76

False

Question 77

True/False When carrying tools up a ladder, hold the beam of the ladder instead or the rungs

Answer 77

True

Question 78

True/False The type of roof construction is a major factor that is considered when fire fighters are determimng which type of cut to use.

Answer 78

True

Question 79

True/False A strong concern that arises when structures have metal roofs is the release of flammable vapors, which can be the result of leaking roof coverings.

Answer 79

True

Question 80

Basement fires are ofien easy to ventilate, because the smoke, heat, and gases can rise only within the structure.

Answer 80

False

Question 81

True/False HVAC or other building systems can cause fire to spread through leap-frogging.

Answer 81

False

Question 82

True/False Ventilation should occur as close to the fire as possible.

Answer 82

True

Question 83

True/False Backdrafts are the results of negative ventilation.

Answer 83

False

Question 84

True/False Smoke can be cooled with automatic sprinkler systems.

Answer 84

True