Chapter 13.1 - 13.2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Altruistic Behavior
Helping others despite a cost to ourselves
Prisoner’s Dilemma
A situation where people choose between a cooperative act and a competitive act that benefits themselves but hurts others.
Diffusion of Responsibility
We feel less responsibility to act when other people are equally able to act.
Pluralistic Ignorance
A situation in which people say nothing, and each person falsely assumes that others have a better-informed opinion.
Social Loafing
The tendency to “loaf” (or work less hard) when sharing work with other people.
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
The main cause of anger and aggression is frustration - an obstacle that stands in the way of doing something or obtaining something.
Social Perception Cognition
The process for learning about others and making inferences from that information.
Primacy Effect
The first information we learn about someone influences us more than later information does.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
Expectations that increase the probability of the predicted event.
Stereotype
A belief or expectation about a group of people
Prejudice
An unfavorable attitude toward a group of people
Discrimination
Unequal treatment of different groups.
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Which measures reactions to combinations of categories, such as flowers and pleasant.
Multiculturalism
Accepting, recognizing, and enjoying the differences among people and groups.
Attribution
The set of thought processes we use to assign causes to our own behavior and that of others
External Attributions
Are explanations based on the situation, including events that would influence almost anyone.
Consensus Information
(How the person’s behavior compares with other people’s behavior) If someone behaves the same way you believe other people would in the same situation, you make an external attribution, recognizing that the situation led to the behavior.
Consistency Information
(How the person’s behavior varies from one time to the next) If someone almost always seems friendly, you make an internal attribution (Friendly person)
Distinctiveness
(How the person’s behavior varies from one situation to another) If your friend is pleasant to all but one individual, you assume that person has done something to irritate your friend ( an external attribution)
Actor-Observer Effect
People are more likely to make internal attributions for other people’s behavior and more likely to make external attributions for their own.
Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)
To make internal attributions for people’s behavior even when we see evidence for an external influence on behavior.
Self-Serving Biases
Attributions that we adopt to maximize credit for success and minimize blame for failure.
Self-Handicapping Strategies
Intentionally put themselves at a disadvantage to provide an excuse for failure.
