1
Q
what are insight therapies
A
- psychotherapy
- insight therapy
- psychoanalysis
- free association
- analysis of resistance
- dream analysis
- analysis of transference
- classical analysis = long and costly
- brief psychodynamic therapy = deciding on issues at outset is quicker
- therapist assumes active role, emphasis on present
2
Q
what is psychotherapy
A
- treat emotional and behavioural disorders
- conversations between patient and therapist
3
Q
what is insight therapy
A
- psychological well-being depends on self-understanding
4
Q
what is psychoanalysis
A
- first formal psychotherapy
- cause of psychological disorders = early childhood experiences and unresolved, unconscious sexual or aggressive conflicts
- goal = uncover repressed memories and unresolved conflicts
5
Q
what is free association
A
- patient reveals whatever thoughts, feelings, images come to mind
- allows unconscious material to surface
- analyst explains meaning
6
Q
what is analysis of resistance
A
- if patient hesitates or upset, analyst assumes topic is emotionally important
7
Q
what is dream analysis
A
- area of emotional concern when awake is expressed in dreams
- hidden meaning, repressed thoughts, memories, emotions in dreams
8
Q
what is analysis of transference
A
- patient relives experiences from past with analyst as parent substitute
- unresolved childhood conflicts replayed in present
- replayed with parent figure who does not reject, provoke guilt, or punish as actual parent did
9
Q
what is humanistic therapy
A
- optimistic view of human nature
- individuals are unique, self-determining, lead rational lives, make rational choices
- personal growth, potential, responsibility
- current relationships, experiences
10
Q
what is person-centred therapy
A
- aka client centred therapy
- part of humanistic therapy
- carl rogers and innate goodness
- psychological disorders if person’s tendency toward self actualization is blocked
- non-directive therapy; unconditioned positive regard
11
Q
what is gestalt therapy
A
- part of humanistic therapy
- important client fully experiences present feelings, thoughts, actions
- takes responsibility for feelings and behaviour
- directive therapy = active role of therapist in sessions
- get in touch with feelings
- self-acceptance and personal responsibility
- ‘empty chair’ technique = role play issues with imagined person in chair
12
Q
what are relationship therapies
A
- traditional behavioural couples therapy
- integrated behavioural couples therapy
13
Q
what is traditional behavioural couples therapy
A
- identification and modification of behaviours contributing to conflicts
- TBCT therapist observes interactions, assesses complaints
- identify strengths, modify behaviours
14
Q
what is integrated behavioural couples therapy
A
- targets emotions and behaviours
- problems form changeable behaviours, personality traits of partners
- accept and adjust to personalities
15
Q
what is family therapy
A
- parents, children as a group
- therapist helps family members agree on certain changes
- heal wounds, improve communication patterns
- create more understanding and harmony within group
16
Q
what is group therapy
A
- several clients (7-10) meet regularly with therapist(s) to resolve personal problems
- psychodrama: client acts out problem with other group members
- role reversal: client plays part of person who is a problem
17
Q
what are encounter groups
A
- intense emotional group experience
- personal growth, self-knowledge
18
Q
what are self help groups
A
- common problems and support
- alcoholics anonymous
19
Q
what are behaviour therapies
A
- abnormal behaviour = learned
- user operant conditioning, classical conditioning, observational learning
- replaces inappropriate or maladaptive behaviours with adaptive responses
- behaviour therapy = behaviour modification
- goal = change troublesome behaviour, not personality structure or origin of problem behaviour
- therapist = active and directive
20
Q
what is behaviour modification
A
- control consequences of behaviour
- eliminated undesirable behaviour by removing reinforcement
- increase desirable behaviour, shape new behaviours with rewards
21
Q
what are token economics
A
- reward behaviour with tokens; exchange for goods, privileges
- fine tokens for undesirable behaviour
- examples of tokens: poker chips, play money, gold stars
22
Q
what is a time out
A
- use to eliminate undesirable behaviour
- often for children and adolescents
- withdraw individual from all reinforcement for period of time
- usually no more than 15 minutes
23
Q
what is systemic desensitization
A
- Wolpe’s therapy for phobias
- train deep muscle relaxation
- confront hierarchy of anxiety producing situations
- remain relaxed even in the present of most feared situation
24
Q
what is flooding
A
- quick treatment of phobias (6 sessions or less)
- expose person to feared object or event all at once
- do this for extended time period until anxiety decreases
25
what is exposure and response prevention
- treat OCD, PTSD
- exposure: exposure to objects or situations which trigger obsessions, compulsive rituals
- response prevention: resist performing compulsive rituals for longer time periods
26
what is aversion therapy
- rid clients of harmful or socially undesirable behaviour
- pair behaviour with painful, sickening, aversive stimulus
- treatment continues until bad habit associated with pain or discomfort
27
what is observational learning
- based on Albert bandora's work
- overcome fears/phobias, acquire social skills via modelling
- participant modelling = model demonstrates appropriate response, client imitates model step by step, therapist encourages, supports
28
what are cognitive therapies
- maladaptive behaviour from irrational thoughts, beliefs, ideas
- conscious, present processes
- rational-emotive therapy
- beck's cognitive therapy
- cognitive-behavioural therapy
29
what is rational-emotive therapy
- RET baes on Ellis's ABC theory
- ABC = Activation event, Belief, emotional Consequence
- directive, confrontational psychotherapy
- challenges irrational beliefs about self and others
30
what are automatic thoughts
- unreasonable, unquestioned ideas ruling person's life
- goal = stop negative thoughts, replace with objective thoughts
- guide clients so real world experience provides evidence to refute false beliefs
31
what is cognitive behavioural therapy
- CBT: role our thoughts have in how we feel and act
- change negative or inappropriate cognitions to more desirable ones
- works even if situation itself does not change
32
what is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
- traumatic information processing is incomplete
- dual attention = focus on disturbing information and follow controlled finger movements
- produces controlled eye movements
33
what are biological therapies
- psychological disorders = symptoms of underlying physical disorders
- drug therapy
- electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- psychosurgery
34
what are antipsychotic drugs
- neuroleptics/major tranquilizers
- for psychotic symptoms, delusions, hallucinations of schizophrenics
- neuroleptics inhibit dopamine
- atypical neuroleptics target both dopamine and serotonin receptors
35
what are antidepressants
- tricyclics: block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): block reuptake of serotonin
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors): block enzyme breaking down NE and serotonin
36
what is lithium
- wonder drug for some patients with bipolar disorder
| - calms manic state
37
what is the minor tranquilizers
- benzodiazepines used primarily for anxiety/panic disorder
38
what is electroconvulsive therapy
- ECT for severely depressed, suicidal patients
- unilateral ECT: electric current to right hemisphere only
- rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation: non invasive magnetic therapy
39
what is psychosurgery
- for serious psychological disorders, severe chronic pain
40
what is a lobotomy
- psychosurgery severs nerve fibres connecting frontal lobes to deeper brain centres
41
what is a cingulotomy
- electric current through electrodes to destroy cingulum
42
what are evaluating therapies
- psychotherapy better than no treatment
- slight advantage for behaviour therapies
- cognitive and interpersonal therapies have advantage over psychodynamic approaches for depressed patients
43
what is a clinical psychologist
- Ph. D. in clinical psychology
- assessing, treating, researching psychological, behavioural issues
- use various types of psychotherapy to treat psychological disorders, adjustment problems
44
what are mental health professionals
- psychiatrists
| - psychoanalyst
45
what is a psychiatrist
- medical doctor, specialty in diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
- can prescribe drugs
46
what is a psychoanalyst
- usually (not always) a psychiatrist with training in psychoanalysis
47
what else should be considered with diagnosing and treating psychological disorders
- therapy, race, ethnicity, gender
- gender differences are important
- cultural values, social class, non-verbal communication differing across cultures can hinder counselling
Social Science
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