Chapter 14 Flashcards
What is involved in postural control and balance?
visual, auditory, and kinesthetic input from proprioceptive and vestibular receptors
Examples of how posture and balance are specific to environmental and task constraints
- when its snowy outside your posture and balance changes
- when you do a new exercise at the gyms with too much weight, your posture might differ
What are the 4 time periods in the Assaiante Model?
- Birth to standing
- Standing to age 6 years
- Age 7 years through adolescence
- Adulthood
Explain the birth to standing time period of the Assaiante Model?
Cephalocaudal direction of muscle control
Explain the standing to age 6 years time period of the Assaiante Model?
Coordination of upper and lower body
Explain the age 7 years through adolescence time period of the Assaiante Model?
refinement of head stabilization
Explain the adulthood time period of the Assaiante Model?
refined control of degrees of freedom in the neck
How can we use a different frame of reference to help refine movement patterns
- using video
- having someone to demonstrate it with you
How do infants regain their balance when they begin to walk?
they typically take another step to regain their balance
- a fast step
What are anticipatory postural adjustments?
in advance to a predictable perturbation, to help the individual counteract mechanical effects that the disturbance may cause.
e.g. engaging your core, anticipating where your heel is going to hit based on the shoes you’re wearing
What are some system changes contributing to balance difficulty in older adults
- changes in sensory receptors (possible overreliance on vision)
- loss of strength
- Arthritic conditions in joints
- slower nerve conduction speed
What are some examples of fall prevention exercises?
- dorsiflexion (toe taps)
- plantarflexion (tip toes)
- partial squats
- hip abduction
- hip extension/glute contraction
- sit to stand
Why is sit to stand an important exercise to perform?
- using the chair for support
- reduces load on joints
