Chapter 14

Question 1

our characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Answer 1

personality

Question 2

theory that proposes that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality

Answer 2

freud’s psychoanalytic theory

Question 3

humanistic theories focus on our

Answer 3

inner capacities for growth and self-fufillment

Question 4

what examines characteristic patterns of behaviour

Answer 4

trait theories

Question 5

what explores the interaction between people’s traits and their social context

Answer 5

social-cognitive theories

Question 6

what views human behaviour as a dynamic interaction between the conscious mind and unconscious mind

Answer 6

psychodynamic theories

Question 7

free association

Answer 7

telling patients to relax and say whatever came to mind

Question 8

id operates on

Answer 8

the pleasure principle, seeks immediate gratification

Question 9

ego opperates on

Answer 9

the reality principle, seeks to gratify id in realistic ways for long-term pleasure

Question 10

superego

Answer 10

partly conscious voice of moral compass, forces ego to consider the ideal

Question 11

tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety by distorting reality

Answer 11

defense mechanisms, indirectly and unconsciously (for freud)

Question 12

___ underlies all the other defense mechanisms (freud)

Answer 12

repression

Question 13

reaction formation

Answer 13

switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites

Question 14

remebered content of dreams =
censcored expression of dreamers unconscious wishes =

Answer 14

manifest content
latent content

Question 15

carl jung

Answer 15

collective unconscious: archetypes

Question 16

TAT

Answer 16

projective test where people view images and make up stories about them

Question 17

rorschach inkblot test

Answer 17

not very reliable or valid

Question 18

rogers person centered perspective

Answer 18

people are basically good and endowed with self-actualizing tendencies

Question 19

growth promoting social climate provides

Answer 19

acceptance genuiness empathy

Question 20

self concept

Answer 20

all our thoughts and feelings about ourself

Question 21

criticism of humanistic perspective

Answer 21

concepts are vague and subjective
overemphasis on individualism
naive fails to recognize humanities evil

Question 22

factor analysis

Answer 22

procedure identitfies clusters that tap into basic componenets of a trait

Question 23

eysenck personality classifaction

Answer 23

extraversion to intraversion
emotionality stability to instability

Question 24

mmpi

Answer 24

originally developed to indetify emotional disorders< assesses peoples personality traits<empirically derived

Question 25

the big five factor

Answer 25

openness conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness neuroticism can be used to understand psychological flourishing and dysfunction

Question 26

how stable are traits in big five

Answer 26

generally stable but maturity principle

Question 27

trait theorists

Answer 27

see personaility as a stable and enduring pattern of behaviour< using factor analysis

Question 28

___ emphasizes the interaction of our traits with outr situations

Answer 28

the social cognitive perspective

Question 29

focusing solely on how our enviornment controls us

Answer 29

behaviourism

Question 30

reciprocal determinism

Answer 30

the interacting influences of behaviour< internal cognition< and environment

Question 31

gene enviornment interaction

Answer 31

genetically influenced traits evoke certain responses from others

Question 32

what is the best predictor of future behavior

Answer 32

past behaviour in similar situations

Question 33

spotlight effect

Answer 33

presuming that lots of people are noticing and evaluating us

Question 34

self image threat increases unconsious

Answer 34

racial bias

Question 35

self serving bias

Answer 35

a readiness to percive ourselves favorably