Chapter 14 Flashcards
what is bigger the home range or territory
home range
what are the abiotic factors that affect habitat choice
The abiotic factors that
affect habitat choice include heat, availability of water, wind, refuge
from danger, availability of specific nutrients, and so on.
what are the biotic factors that affect habitat choice
The location of mates, food,
predators, and parasites
what is habitat choice
Centers on how animals distribute themselves in space and time with
respect to resources in their environment
ideal free distribution (IFD) model
used to predict the equilibrium frequency of individuals in different patches. If any individual moved
from the patch it was in, it would suffer a reduced payoff
how can an animal minimize exposure to disease
(1) the avoidance of habitats that contain pathogens
(2) the avoidance of individuals that are already ill.
can animals detect cues of parasitization
Yes, ex: gray treefrogs they use these cues to know where to deposit their eggs
what effects spatial memory in many animals
glucocorticoid hormones, also known as stress hormones. It negatively impacts spatial memory
what does the model of territoriality suggest
it considers both the costs and
benefits of owning a territory: when the benefits are greater than the
costs, territory defense will be favored by natural selection
conspecific cueing
individuals use the choices of others to determine the quality of a
potential territory
optimal skew theory
studies the distribution of breeding within a group and whether there will be cooperation or conflict over reproductive activities
irruptive migration
occurs only when conditions become poor
does a whole species always have to migrate
no some may and some may not
what do migrators use to navigate environments
cues to assess where they are in relation to where they are heading. ex: the position of the sun, the position of the stars, landmarks on the ground, the odor of a stream, magnetic fields (monarch butterflies)
is the basal metabolic rate higher in migrating species or nonmigrating species
minimum maintenance energy requirement of an endotherm—was significantly higher in migrating species. these higher metabolic rates might help animals
maintain the increased metabolic costs associated with large-scale
migrations. species in colder environments tend to have higher BMRs (animals that live in higher latitudes)
migratory animals are more susceptible to what
disease migration can reduce immune responsiveness
do birds in open and edge habitats or birds in forest habitats migrate more often
it was hypothesized that birds in open-edge habitats would, but in reality, species associated with open-edge habitats were no more likely to migrate than were species that lived in the forest.
