Chapter 14-Alcohols Flashcards
(17 cards)
what is the general formula ofn alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
what is the functional group of alcohols
OH
why do alcohols have polar o-h bonds
because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen
do alcohols have high or low mpt and bpt
high comaped to alkanes of similar molecular mass
are alcohols soluble
yes as they can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. solubility decreases as the carbon chain length increases
what are the 3 types of alcohols
primary
secondary
teritary
what is a primary alcohol
the OH group is bonded to a carbon which is bonded to one carbon atom
what is a secondary alcohol
the OH group is bonded to a carbon which is bonded to two other carbon atom
what is a tertiary alcohol
the OH group is bonded to a carbon which is bonded to three other carbon atom
what are the products of combustion of alcohol
carbon dioxide and water and energy
what do primary and secondary alcohols need to be oxidised
a oxidising agent such as acidified potassium dichromate
what do you get when you oxidise a primary alcohol
an aldehyde then a carboxylic acid
what do you get when you oxidise a secondary alcohol
ketones
what do you get when you oxidise a tertiary alcohol
they do not oxidise
how do you prevent it oxidising further
distill it
how can you convert an alcohol to an alkene
via an elimination reaction with a dehydrating agent such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid to remove water
how do you produce a haloalkane from alcohols
via a substition reaction with a halide ion in acidic conditions
