chapter 5-Electrons and bonding Flashcards
(18 cards)
what are shells made of
sub-shell
what is an atomic orbital
a region around the nucelus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spin
what are the 4 orbitals
S P D F
how many electrons are in each shell
1-2
2-8
3-18
4-32
how do you write electron configuration
find out the amount of electrons
go up in order of shells till you have done all elctrons
what happens oif they are an ion
you add or take electrons
what kind of ions do metals form
postive ions (cations)
what kind of ions do non metals form
negative ions
what is ionic bonding
when a metal and a non metal react to form a compound
it is the electrostatic attraction between postive and negative ions
how can the ions in ionic compounds be shown
dot and cross
how do giant ionic lattices form
ions in an ionic compound a repeating 3d strucutre
what are the propeties of ionic compunds
melting and boiling points are high so lots of energy to break
soluble in polar solvents e.g water
they conduct only when aqueous and molten as ions free to move
what are covalent bonds
they exist between non-metal atoms by sharing pairs of electrons
held together by strong electrostatic attraction
how can covalent bonds be represented
dot and cross diagram
how many covalent bonds can non-metals form
double or triple by sharing more than one pairs of electrons
what are lone pairs
paired electrons not involved in bonding
what is a dative bond
a shared pair of electrons in which are both bonded electrons contributed by one of the atoms in the bond
what is average bond enthalphy
a measure of a covalent bonds strength
