Chapter 14 - Endocrine System

Question 1

acr/o

Answer 1

extremities; height

Question 2

calc/i

Answer 2

calcium

Question 3

cortic/o

Answer 3

cortex; outer layer of a body organ

Question 4

dips/o

Answer 4

thirst

Question 5

glyc/o

Answer 5

sugar

Question 6

endocrin/o

Answer 6

endocrine

Question 7

kal/i

Answer 7

potassium

Question 8

natr/o

Answer 8

sodium

Question 9

parathyroid/o

Answer 9

parathyroid gland

Question 10

pituitar/o

Answer 10

pituitary gland

Question 11

-drome

Answer 11

run; running together

Question 12

endocrine gland

Answer 12

secrete hormones directly into surrounding fluid

Question 13

exocrine system

Answer 13

glands release secretions through ducts

Question 14

epinephrine

Answer 14

hormone that causes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose; adrenaline

Question 15

norepinephrine

Answer 15

chemical that can act as a neurotransmitter and hormone; released from adrenal gland in response to stress and low blood pressure; noradrenaline

Question 16

autocrine

Answer 16

chemical that elicits a response in the same cell that secreted it

Question 17

paracrine

Answer 17

cellular signaling in which a factor secreted by a cell affects other cells in the local environment

Question 18

amine hormones

Answer 18

derived from modification of amino acids; synthesized from tryptophan and tyrosine

Question 19

peptide and protein hormones

Answer 19

consist of multiple amino acids that link to form an amino acid chain

Question 20

steroid hormones

Answer 20

derived from lipid cholesterol

Question 21

permissive effect

Answer 21

presence of one hormone enables another hormone to act

Question 22

synergistic effect

Answer 22

two hormones with similar effects produce an amplified response

Question 23

antagonistic effect

Answer 23

two hormones have opposing effects

Question 24

posterior pituitary gland

Answer 24

stores hormones

Question 25

anterior pituitary gland

Answer 25

originates from digestive tract in embryo and migrates toward brain during development; manufactures hormones

Question 26

oxytocin

Answer 26

peptide-derived; stimulates uterine contractions and dilation of cervix

Question 27

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 27

regulates solute concentration of blood

Question 28

thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH)

Answer 28

released from anterior pituitary gland in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from hypothalamus

Question 29

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 29

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroid hormones such as cortisol

Question 30

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 30

stimulates production and maturation of sex cells (gametes)

Question 31

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 31

triggers ovulation in women and production of estrogen and progesterone by ovaries

Question 32

prolactin (PRL)

Answer 32

promotes lactation

Question 33

pineal gland

Answer 33

tiny gland whose functions are not clear; known to produce melatonin

Question 34

thyroid gland

Answer 34

located anterior to trachea and inferior to larynx

Question 35

parathyroid gland

Answer 35

tiny, round structures found embedded in posterior surface of thyroid gland

Question 36

adrenal glands

Answer 36

wedges of glandular and neuroendocrine tissue adhering to top of kidneys

Question 37

acromegaly

Answer 37

abnormally high levels of growth hormone trigger growth of bones, cartilage, and body tissues

Question 38

addison's disease

Answer 38

causes low blood glucose levels and low blood sodium levels

Question 39

cushing's syndrome

Answer 39

high blood glucose levels and accumulation of lipid deposits on face and neck; caused by hypersecretion of cortisol

Question 40

gigantism

Answer 40

abnormally high levels of growth hormone prompt excessive growth

Question 41

hirsutism

Answer 41

excessive production of androgens (male sex hormones) causing hair growth in women

Question 42

graves' disease

Answer 42

disorder of thyroid gland; immune system attacks thyroid resulting in hyperthyroidism

Question 43

adenosis

Answer 43

disease or abnormal change in a gland

Question 44

hypopituitarism

Answer 44

disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by thyroid gland

Question 45

panhypopituitarism

Answer 45

rare condition where pituitary gland stops making most or all hormones