Chapter 9 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards by Jessica Chesrown

-apheresis

removal

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great vessels

superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary trunk

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epicardium

another name for visceral pericardium; fused to the heart and forms the outer layer of the heart wall

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myocardium

made of muscle tissue and gives the heart its ability to contract

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endocardium

lines the heart chambers and is the main component of the heart valves

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atria

upper chambers

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ventricles

lower chambers

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interventricular septum

muscular wall that separates the right and left ventricles

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interatrial septum

separates the right and left atria

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tricuspid valve

separates the right atrium and right ventricle

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bicuspid valve; mitral valve

separates the left ventricle and left atrium

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pulmonary valve

separates the right ventricle from pulmonary trunk

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aortic valve

separates the left ventricle from aorta

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pulmonary circuit

transports blood to and from the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide

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systemic circuit

transports freshly oxygenated blood to all the tissues of the body and returns deoxygenated blood and carbon dioxide to heart to be sent back to pulmonary circulation

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superior vena cava

large vein; carries deoxygenated blood from head and upper extremities back to heart

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inferior vena cava

large vein; carries deoxygenated blood from torso and legs back to heart

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diastole

heart is relaxed and the atria and ventricles are filling with blood

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systole

heart contracts, AV valves shut, and ventricles eject blood to lungs and body through open semilunar valves

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ACS

acute coronary syndrome

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AFib

atrial fibrillation

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atrioventricular

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blood pressure

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CABG

coronary artery bypass graft

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CAD

coronary artery disease

CCU

coronary care unit; cardiac care unit

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

DVT

deep vein thrombosis

ECG, EKG

electrocardiogram

ECHO

echocardiogram

heart failure

HHD

hypertensive heart disease

HTN

hypertension

myocardial infraction

PAD

peripheral artery disease

PTCA

percutaneous tranluminal coronary angioplasty

SPECT

single-photon emission computed tomography

TEE

transesophageal echocardiogram

cardiomyopathy

abnormally enlarged heart muscle

dilated cardiomyopathy

one of the ventricles is larger than normal

arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

inherited condition that results in irregular heart rhythms

restrictive cardiomyopathy

complication of other conditions which cause the myocardium to scar or stiffen

heart failure; congestive heart failure (CHF)

inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body

valvular heart disease

scar tissue formation that interferes with valve function

mitral valve prolapse

mitral valve is diseased or malformed and is not able to close completely, allowing the regurgitation of blood back into the left atrium during systole

aortic stenosis

aortic valve is narrowed and hardened, preventing it from opening fully and allowing sufficient blood to travel the systemic circulation

aneurysm

defect in the wall of an artery in which the wall becomes thin and weak and starts to balloon out as blood pulses against the vessel wall

patent ductus arteriosus

congenital condition in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close

patent foramen ovale

type of atrial septal defect (ASD) due to a failure of the hole in the interatrial septum to close at birth

tetralogy of fallot

opening in the interventricular septum caused by blockage of pulmonary trunk

coronary artery disease

buildup of plaque in coronary arteries obstructs the flow of blood and decreases compliance of vessels

angioplasty

occlusion is mechanically widened with a balloon

coronary bypass surgery

grafts a replacement vessel obtained from another part of the body to bypass the occluded area

myocardial infarction

heart attack; lack of blood flow to a region of the heart, resulting in death of the cardiac muscle cells

ablation

removal or destruction of body part or tissue or its function

angina pectoris

chest pain

angiogram

x-ray or computer image (CT, MRI) of blood vessels and blood flow in the body

antihypertensives

class of medications to treat high blood pressure

arrhythmia

deviation from normal pattern of impulse conduction and contraction of heart

cardiac troponin

regulatory protein for muscle contraction

computerized tomography (CT)

imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional x-rays in order to reveal minute details about structures in body

ductus arteriosus

temporary connection between pulmonary trunk and aorta in fetal heart

echocardiogram

computer picture of heart created by bouncing high-energy sound waves to look at tissues and organs

implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD)

small device placed by surgery in the chest and abdomen that is used to correct a heartbeat that is abnormal