Chapter 14 Foam Flashcards by tom s

Mechanical foams are the most common in use. The foam must have 3 things done to work, they are:

Proportioned mixed with water
Aerated mixed with air
Educted

Pg 480

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Foam concentrate

Raw foam liquid in its storage container before being combine with water and air

Pg 480

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Foam proportioner

Deice that injects the correct amount of foam concentrate in to the water stream to make the foam solution

Pg 480

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Foam solution

Mixture of foam concentrate and water before the intoduction of air

Pg 480

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Foam

Completed product after air is introduced into the foam solution

Pg 480

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Class b fuels are divided into two categories

Hydrocarbons and
Polar solvents

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Hydrocarbon fuels such as crude oil, fuel oil are petroleum based and have a specific gravity of:

Less then one. They float on water

Pg 480

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Class b is effective on hydrocarbon fuel fires because:

It floats on the surface and suppresses the vapors

Pg 480

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Polar solvents include: alcohol, acetone, ketones, esters. They are miscible which. Means they:

Mix with water. Class B foam is not effective with them

Pg 480

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Foam extinguishes or suppresses vapors by the following methods:

Separating Creating a barrier

Cooling: lowering the temp

Suppressing or smothering: prevents the release of flammable vapors reducing the possibility of ignition or reignition
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Fire fighting foam creates a ______ or ______ on the burning or exposed fuel.

Film or blanket

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As foam begins to breakdown______ is released providing a cooling effect on the fuel suppressing the process of heat producing oxidation.

Water

Pg 481

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Foam concentrates are generally. Intended to be mixed with:

Fresh or salt water

Pg 482

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In order to achieve maximum effectiveness foam concentrates must be proportioned at the:

Percentage specified by the manufacturer. This percentage is marked on each foam container for easy reference.

Pg 482

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Most firefighting foam concentrates are formulated to mix with ______ to ______ percent water:

94-99

Pg 482

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Class A foam is formulated to be preportioned at _____ to ______ concentrate

0.1-1 percent

Pg 482

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Foam is proportioned using one of four basic methods:

Induction
Injection
Batch mixing
Premixing

Pg 482/483

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The induction method of proportioning foam uses:

The pressure of water stream to induct (draft) foam concentrate into the fire stream. Water passes through a venturi device called an eductor.

Pg 483

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The injection method of proportioning foam uses an external pump to force foam concentrate:

Into the fire stream at the proper ratio. These are most commonly used in apparatus mounted or fixed fire protection systems
P 483

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Batch mixing occurs when:

An appropriate amt of foam concentrate is poured directly into a tank of water. Most commonly used with class A foams

Pg 483

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When batch mixing class b foam concentrates tank water must be:

Circulated to ensure proper mixing before discharge

Pg 484

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Premixing is a common method of proportioning in which:

Premeasured portions of water and foam concenrate are mixed in a container.

Pg 484

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Premixing is typically used with:

Portable and wheeled extinguishers, skid mounted twin agent units, and apparatus mounted tank systems

Pg 484

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Foam solution is stored in 4 methods:

Pails,
Barrels
Totes
Apparatus tanks
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Pails size for foam is:

5 gallon plastic pails Pg 485

Barrels of foam are sized:

55 gallon Pg 485

Totes of foam concentrate are sized:

275 gallons Pg 485

Foam concentrate tanks on municipal apparatus range from ________ to _______. Foam pumpers or tenders can carry ________ or more of concentrate

20-200 Tenders 8000 Pg 485

Smaller foam concentrate tans are often located:

Above the fire pump area Pg 486

Regardless o the type of tank foam storage must be:

Airtight Pg 486

The formula of class A foam includes hydrocarbon surfactants that:

Reduce the surface tension of water in the foam solution Pg 487

Class A foam may be used with _____ nozzles:

Fog, aerating foam nozzles, medium and high expansion devices, cafs. Pg 487

The shelf life of class A foam is:

20 years Pg 487

Fire attack class A foam percentage of concentrate is:

0.2-0.5 Pg 488

Exposure protection class A foam proportion is:

0.5-1 percent concentrate Pg 488

Any application with air aspirating foam nozzles should be done at_________ percent concentrate

0.3-0.7 Pg 488

Any application with cafs should be proportioned at__________ percent

0.2-0.5 | Pg 488

The application rate refers to the minimum amount of foam solution that must be applied to a fire:

Per minute, per square foot of fire Pg 488

The application rate for class A foam is the same as he minimum required flow rate for:

Water Pg 488

Several elements affect the breakdown process of foam. They are:

The heat of the fire The height of a flame front in wildfire The ambient air temperature and prevailing wind conditions. Pg 488

Class B foam is applied to suppress fires involving:

Flammable and combustible liquids Pg 488

Synthetic foam is made of:

A mixture of fluorosurfactants Pg 489

Protein based foam is derived from:

Animal protein Pg 489

Class b foam should be stored in a cool dry area. Shelf life for protein based is: Synthetic shelf life is:

10 years 20-25 years for synthetic Pg 489

When ready for immediate use similar concentrates of AFFF and fluoroprotein may be:

Mixed together immediately before application Pg 489

Mil spec may be mixed at:

Any time with no adverse effects Pg 489

Generally protein based products of foam are considered safer for the

Environment Pg 489

The concentration or hydrocarbon fuels is normally______ to _______ percent For polar solvents it is_______ to ______ percent

1-3 3-6 Pg 490

Low expansion foam has a ratio of air/solution of:

20:1 Pg 490

Medium expansion foam is commonly used at a rate of ______ to _______

20:1 200:1 Pg 490

when High expansion foam is used the expansion rate is from_________ to _________

200:1 to 1000:1 | Pg 490

The rate at which foam is applied depends on several variables including:

``` He type of concentrate used Whether or not the fuel is on fire Type of fuel involved Whether the fuel is contained or uncontained Pg 498 ```

Once you begin application of foam is should continue:

Without interruption from and uphill and upwind position until extinguishment is complete Pg 491

In order to calculate the application rate available from a specific nozzle,

Divide the flow rate by the area of the fire Pg 491

Protein foams are derived from animal sources such as:

Hooves horns and feather meal Pg 492

Fluoroprotein foam is a combination of:

Protein based foam and synthetic foam Pg 492

Film forming fluoroproteing foam (fffp):

Fluoroproein foam with those of aqueous film forming foam Pg 492

Aqueour film forming foam (afff) is currently the:

Most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate. Pg 492

AFFF formula consists of:

Fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with solvents to create a high boiling point Pg 492

Alcohol resistant AFFF concentrate is avail for use on polar solvents: the concentrate is generally_____ to______ percent. It can also be used on hydrocarbons at a _____ to _____ %

3 to 6 1 to 6 Pg 493

High expansion foams are use at:

Concealed space fire such as cellars and coal mines or subterranean spaces such as utility tunnels or sewers Pg 494

In general foam proportioning devices operate by one of two basic principles:

A venturi effect or a pressurized proportioning device Pg 494

The inline eductor uses the_____ principle to draft foam concentrate:

Venturi Pg 495

The pressure at the discharge side of the eductor must not exceed ______% of the eductor inlet pressure

70 | Pg 495

The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor should be no more than _______ feet above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate:

6 | Pg 495

The nozzle and ______ must have the same gpm rating in order to operate successfully

Eductor Pg 495

In a foam nozzle eductor the eductor is:

Built into the self educting nozzle rather than attached to the hoseline Pg 496

Self educting master stream foam nozzle is deployed when flows exceed ______ gpm

350 | Pg 496

A major advantage of the self educting nozzle is:

The pressure drop is much lower(10% or less) than most standard foam nozzle eductors Pg 496

A jet ratio controller allows the foam concentrate supply to be located as far away as:

3000 feet away from a self educting master stream nozzle Pg 497

Four foam application techniques:

``` Direct application Roll on method Bank down method Rain down method P 506 ```

Direct appliction of foam:

Spraying directly on the burning material Pg 506

Roll on method of application:

Spray the foam on the edge of the buring liquid and it will roll across the surface of the spill Pg 506

Band down method:

Foam is directed onto a vertical surface and allowed to run down and across the pooled fuel Pg 506

Rain down method

This is the most common method of application for aboveground storage tank fires. Foam is aimed in the air and allowed to rain down on the surface of the fuel Pg 506

The primary concern regarding the environment impact of foam is the effect of finished foam after:

Application to a fire or spill | Pg 508

Generally known as durable or gelling agents:

Fire blocking gels or aqueous fire fighting gels retain their fire retarding properties longer than class A foam Pg 508

Chemically gelling agents are:

Water absorbent polymers Pg 509

When mixed with water durable agents ( gelling agents) form:

Small bubbles filled with water. These are nontoxic and biodegradable Pg 509

When used as an extinguishing agent durable agents ration is 1:100 When used on a fire line is ____ to ____% For structure protection _____ to _____%

1.5- 2% 2-3% Pg 509

Synthetic foam is made of:

A mixture of fluorosurfactants Pg 489

Protein based foam is derived from:

Animal protein Pg 489

Class b foam should be stored in a cool dry area. Shelf life for protein based is: Synthetic shelf life is:

10 years 20-25 years for synthetic Pg 489

When ready for immediate use similar concentrates of AFFF and fluoroprotein may be:

Mixed together immediately before application Pg 489

Mil spec may be mixed at:

Any time with no adverse effects Pg 489

Generally protein based products of foam are considered safer for the

Environment Pg 489

The concentration or hydrocarbon fuels is normally______ to _______ percent For polar solvents it is_______ to ______ percent

1-3 3-6 Pg 490

Low expansion foam has a ratio of air/solution of:

20:1 Pg 490

Medium expansion foam is commonly used at a rate of ______ to _______

20:1 200:1 Pg 490

when High expansion foam is used the expansion rate is from_________ to _________

200:1 to 1000:1 | Pg 490

The rate at which foam is applied depends on several variables including:

``` He type of concentrate used Whether or not the fuel is on fire Type of fuel involved Whether the fuel is contained or uncontained Pg 498 ```

Once you begin application of foam is should continue:

Without interruption from and uphill and upwind position until extinguishment is complete Pg 491

In order to calculate the application rate available from a specific nozzle,

Divide the flow rate by the area of the fire Pg 491

Protein foams are derived from animal sources such as:

Hooves horns and feather meal Pg 492

Fluoroprotein foam is a combination of:

Protein based foam and synthetic foam Pg 492

Film forming fluoroproteing foam (fffp):

Fluoroproein foam with those of aqueous film forming foam Pg 492

Aqueour film forming foam (afff) is currently the:

Most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate. Pg 492

AFFF formula consists of:

Fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with solvents to create a high boiling point Pg 492

Alcohol resistant AFFF concentrate is avail for use on polar solvents: the concentrate is generally_____ to______ percent. It can also be used on hydrocarbons at a _____ to _____ %

3 to 6 1 to 6 Pg 493

High expansion foams are use at:

Concealed space fire such as cellars and coal mines or subterranean spaces such as utility tunnels or sewers Pg 494

In general foam proportioning devices operate by one of two basic principles:

A venturi effect or a pressurized proportioning device Pg 494

The inline eductor uses the_____ principle to draft foam concentrate:

Venturi Pg 495

The pressure at the discharge side of the eductor must not exceed ______% of the eductor inlet pressure

70 | Pg 495

The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor should be no more than _______ feet above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate:

6 | Pg 495

The nozzle and ______ must have the same gpm rating in order to operate successfully

Eductor Pg 495

In a foam nozzle eductor the eductor is:

Built into the self educting nozzle rather than attached to the hoseline Pg 496

Self educting master stream foam nozzle is deployed when flows exceed ______ gpm

350 | Pg 496

A major advantage of the self educting nozzle is:

The pressure drop is much lower(10% or less) than most standard foam nozzle eductors Pg 496

A jet ratio controller allows the foam concentrate supply to be located as far away as:

3000 feet away from a self educting master stream nozzle Pg 497

Four foam application techniques:

``` Direct application Roll on method Bank down method Rain down method P 506 ```

Direct appliction of foam:

Spraying directly on the burning material Pg 506

Roll on method of application:

Spray the foam on the edge of the buring liquid and it will roll across the surface of the spill Pg 506

Band down method:

Foam is directed onto a vertical surface and allowed to run down and across the pooled fuel Pg 506

Rain down method

This is the most common method of application for aboveground storage tank fires. Foam is aimed in the air and allowed to rain down on the surface of the fuel Pg 506

The primary concern regarding the environment impact of foam is the effect of finished foam after:

Application to a fire or spill | Pg 508

Generally known as durable or gelling agents:

Fire blocking gels or aqueous fire fighting gels retain their fire retarding properties longer than class A foam Pg 508

Chemically gelling agents are:

Water absorbent polymers Pg 509

When mixed with water durable agents ( gelling agents) form:

Small bubbles filled with water. These are nontoxic and biodegradable Pg 509

When used as an extinguishing agent durable agents ration is 1:100 When used on a fire line is ____ to ____% For structure protection _____ to _____%

1.5- 2% 2-3% Pg 509

Chapter 14 Foam Flashcards

(119 cards)