Chapter 14: Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
(167 cards)
1
Q
abdomin/o
A
abdomen
2
Q
celi/o
A
abdomen
3
Q
lapar/o
A
abdomen
4
Q
an/o
A
anus
5
Q
appendic/o
A
appendix
6
Q
bil/i
A
bile
7
Q
chol/e
A
bile
8
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
9
Q
cheil/o
A
lip
10
Q
col/o
A
colon
11
Q
colon/o
A
colon
12
Q
cyst/o
A
bladder or sac
13
Q
dent/i
A
teeth
14
Q
doch/o
A
duct
15
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum
16
Q
enter/o
A
small intestine
17
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
18
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
19
Q
gingiv/o
A
gum
20
Q
gloss/o
A
tongue
21
Q
lingu/o
A
tongue
22
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
23
Q
hepatic/o
A
liver
24
Q
herni/o
A
hernia
25
ila/o
ileum
26
inguin/o
groin
27
jejun/o
jejunum (empty)
28
lith/o
stone
29
or/o
mouth
30
stomat/o
mouth
31
pancreat/o
pancreas
32
peritone/o
peritoneum
33
phag/o
eat or swallow
34
proct/o
anus and rectum
35
pylor/o
pylorus (gatekeeper)
36
rect/o
rectum
37
sial/o
saliva
38
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon (resembles s)
39
steat/o
fat
40
-emesis
vomiting
41
anorexia
loss of appetite
42
aphagia
inability to swallow
43
ascites
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
44
buccal
in the cheek
45
constipation
infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass
46
diarrhea
frequent loose or liquid stools
47
dyspepsia
indigestion
48
dysphasgia
difficulty in swallowing
49
eructation
belch (burp)
50
flatulence
gas in the stomach or intestines (fart)
51
halitosis
bad breath
52
hematochezia
red blood on the stool
53
hematemesis
vomiting blood
54
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
55
hyperbilirubnemia
excessive level of bilirubin in the blood
56
icterus
yellow discoloration of the skin because of excessive bilirubin
57
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin because of excessive bilirubin
58
melena
dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood
59
nausea
sick in the stomach
60
steatorrhea
feces containing fat
61
sublingual
under the tongue
62
hypoglossal
under the tongue
63
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
64
sialoadenitis
inflammation of a salivary gland
65
parotitis
inflammation of the parotid gland; also called mumps
66
cheilitis
inflammation of the lip
67
glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
68
ankyloglossia
tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum
69
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
70
esphageal varices
swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage
71
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
72
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
73
gastroesophageal reflux diease
back-flow of stomach contents into the esophagus, often as a result of abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter; causes burning pain in the esophagus
74
pyloric stenosis
narrowed condition of the lylorus
75
peptic ulcer disease
a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, and any other part of the stomach system exposed to gastric juices
76
gastric ulcer
ulcer located in the stomach
77
duodenal ulcer
ulcer located in the duodenum
78
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
79
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
80
ileitis
inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine
81
colitis
inflammation the colon
82
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulceration
83
diverticulum
an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract usually related to a lack of dietary fiber
84
diverticulosis
presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the bowel
85
diverticulitis
inflammation of diverticula
86
dysentery
inflammation od the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused bacteria.
87
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
88
hernia
protrusion of a part from its normal location
89
hiatal
protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the hiatal opening in the diaphragm
90
inguinal hernia
protrsion of a loop of the intestine through layers of abdominal wall in the inguinal region
91
intussuception
prolapse of one part of the intestine into the mumen of the adjoining part
92
volvulus
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
93
polyposis
multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high malignancy potential
94
polyp
tumor on a stalk
95
proctits
inflammation of the rectum and anus
96
anal fistula
abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum
97
hemorrhoid
swollen, twisted vein in the anal region
98
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
99
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
100
hepatitis A
infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV) usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water
101
hepatitis B
infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
102
hepatitis C
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepeatits C virus (HCV) transmitted by exposure to infected blood
103
cirrhosis
chronic disease characterized degeneration of liver tissue, most often caused by alcoholism or nutritional deficiency
104
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile ducts
105
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
106
cholelithiasis
presence of stomes in the gallbladder of bile ducts
107
choledocholithiasis
presence of stones in the common bile duct
108
pancreatits
inflammation of the pancreas
109
endoscopy
exam within the body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnosis or treatment used to detect abnormalities and perform procedures
110
esophagoscopy
exam of the esophagus with an esophagoscope
111
gastroscopy
exam of the stomach with a gastroscope
112
upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
exam of the lining of the esophagus. stomach, and duodenum with a endoscope.
113
endoscopic retrograde cholangippancreatography (ERCP)
endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examine the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
114
laparpscopy
exam of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope-including interventional surgical procedures
115
peritoneoscopy
exam of the peritoneal cavity with a peritoneoscope; to perform an exam to the liver
116
capsule endoscopy
exam of the small intestine made by a tiny video camera placed in a capsule and swallowed
117
colonoscopy
exam of the colon using a flexible colonoscope
118
sigmoidoscopy
exam of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope
119
proctoscopy
exam of the rectum and anus with a proctoscope
120
magnetic resonance image of the abdomen
non-ionizing imaging technique for visualizing the abdominal cavity to identify disease or deformity in the gastrointestinal tract
121
nuclear medicine
radionuclide organ imaging
122
radiography
xray imaging
123
barium swallow
xray of the esophagus only
124
fluoroscopy
xray using a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion
125
small bowel series
xray exam of the small intestine
126
lower GI series barium enema
xray of the colon after administration of an enema containing a contrast medium
127
cholangiogram
xray of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery
128
cholecystogram
xray of the gallbladder taken after oral ingestion of iodine
129
computes tomography (CT) of the abdomen
cross-sectional xray of the abdomen used to identify a condition or anomaly within the gastrointestinal tract
130
CT colonography
computed tomographic image of the colon performed as an alternative o traditional invasive colonoscopy
131
sonography
ultrasound imaging
132
biopsy (Bx)
removal of tissue for microscope pathological exam
133
incisional biopsy
removal of a portion of a lesion for exam
134
stool culture and sensitivity (C&S)
isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease-causing organisms
135
stool occult blood study
chemical teset of a stool specimen to detect the resence of blood
136
bariatric surgery
treatment of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and or intestines
137
cheiloplasty
repair of the lip
138
glossectomy
excision of all or part of the tongue
139
glossorrhaohy
suture of the tongue
140
esophagoplasty
repair if the esophagus
141
gastrectomy
partial or complete removal of the stomach
142
gastric resection
partial removal and repair of the stomach
143
abdominocentesis
puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid
144
paracentesis
puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid
145
laparotomy
incision into the abdomen
146
laparoscopic surgery
abdominal surgery using a laparoscope
147
herniorrhaphy
repair of a hernia
148
hernioplasty
repair of a hernia
149
colostomy
creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus allowing stool to bypass a a diseased potion of the colon; performed to treat ulcerative colitis and cancer.
150
anastomosis
union of two hollow vessels; used in bowel surgery
151
ileostomy
surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ileal discharges
152
appendectomy
excision of a diseased appendix
153
polypectomy
excision of polyps
154
proctoplasty
repair of the anus and rectum
155
anal fistulectomy
excision of an anal fistula
156
hemorrhoidectomy
excision of hemorrhoids
157
hepatic lobectomy
excision of a lobe of the liver
158
cholecystectomy
excision of the gallbladder
159
cholelithotomy
incision for removal of gallstones
160
cholelithotripsy
crushing of gallstones
161
pancreatectomy
excision of the pancreas
162
gastric lavage
oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for exam and treatment
163
nasogastric (NG) intubation
insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach for various purposes
164
antacid
drug that neutralizes stomach acid
165
antiemetic
drug that prevents or stops vomiting
166
antispasmodic
drug that decreases motility in the gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea
167
cathartic
drug that causes movement of the bowels
