Chapter 11: Endocrine System Flashcards
(62 cards)
1
Q
aden/o
A
gland
2
Q
adren/o
A
adrenal gland
3
Q
andrenal/o
A
adrenal gland
4
Q
andr/o
A
male
5
Q
crin/o
A
to secrete
6
Q
dips/o
A
thirst
7
Q
gluc/o
A
sugar
8
Q
glucos/o
A
sugar
9
Q
glyc/o
A
sugar
10
Q
glycos/o
A
sugar
11
Q
hormon/o
A
hormone (an urging on)
12
Q
ket/o
A
ketone bodies
13
Q
keton/o
A
ketone bodies
14
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
15
Q
thym/o
A
thymus gland
16
Q
thyr/o
A
thyroid gland (shield)
17
Q
exophthalmos
A
protrusion of one or both eyeballs, often because of thyroid dysfunction or a tumor behind the eyeball
18
Q
hypercalcemia
A
an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood
19
Q
hypocalcemia
A
an abnormally low level of calcium in the blood
20
Q
hyperglycemia
A
high blood sugar
21
Q
hypoglycemia
A
low blood sugar
22
Q
hyperkalemia
A
an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood
23
Q
hypokalemia
A
deficient level of potassium in the blood
24
Q
hypernatremia
A
excessive level of sodium ions in the blood
25
hyponatremia
low level of sodium ions in the blood
26
hypersecretion
abnormally increased secretion
27
hyposecretion
decreased secretion
28
ketosis, ketoacidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis
presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation
29
metabolism
all chemical processes in the body that result in growth, generation of energy, elimination of waste, and other body functions.
30
polydipsia
excessive thirst
31
polyuria
excessive urination
32
Cushing syndrome
collection of signs and symptoms caused by an excessive level of cortisol hormone from any cause, such as a result of excessive production by the adrenal gland, or more commonly as a side effect or treatment with glucocorticoid (steroid) hormones such as prednisone for asthma. symptoms are weakness, easily bruised skin, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and osteoporosis
33
adrenal virilism
excessive output of the adrenal secretion of androgen in adult women owing to tumor or hyperplasia; evidences by amenorrhea, acne, hirsutism, and deeping of the voice.
34
diabetes mellitus
metabolic disorder caused by an abnormal utilization of insulin secreted by pancreas; evidenced by hyperglycemia and glucosuria
35
type 1 diabetes mellitus
diabetes in which there is no beta cell production of insulin- the patient is dependent on insulin for survival
36
type 2 diabetes mellitus
diabetes in which the body produces insulin, but not enough, or there is insulin resistance- the patient usually is not dependent on insulin for survival
37
pituitary dwafism
condition of congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone slowing growth and causing a short yet proportionate stature- often treated during childhood with growth hormone
38
pituitary gigantism
condition of hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood bone development that leads to an abnormal overgrowth of bone, especially of the long bones; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
39
Graves disease, hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis
condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia, tachycardia, goiter, and tumor
40
blood sugar (BS), blood glucose
measurement of the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood
41
fasting blood sugar
measurement of blood sugar level after a fast of 12 hours
42
postprandial sugar (FBS)
measurement of blood sugar level after a meal, commonly after 2 hours
43
Postprandial blood sugar (PPBS)
measurement of blood sugar level after a meal, commonly after 2 hours
44
glucose tolerance test (GTT)
measurements of the body's ability to metabolize carbs by administering a prescribed amount of glucose after fasting period, then measuring blood and pee for glucose levels ever hour thereafter-usually for 4-6 hours
45
glycohemoglobin
molecule in hemoglobin that rises in the blood as a result of an increased level of blood sugar, it is common blood test used in diagnosing and treating diabetes, also known as glycosylated hemoglobin
46
electrolytes
measurement of the level of specific ions in the blood; electrolytes balance is essential for normal metabolism
47
thyroid function study
measurement of thyroid hormone levels in blood plasma to determine efficiency of glandular secretions
48
urine sugar and ketone studies
chemical test to determine the presence of sugar or ketone bodies in the urine; used as a screen for diabetes.
49
computed tomograpthy (CT)
Ct of the head is used to obtain a transverse view of the pituitary gland
50
magnetic resonance imaging
nonionzing images of magnetic resonance are useful in identifying abnormalities of pituitary, pancreas, adrenal, and thyroid glands
51
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
sonographic images are used to identify endocrine pathology, such as with thyroid ultrasound
52
thyroid uptake and image
nuclear image involing scan of the thyroid to visualize the radioactive accumulation of previously ingested isotopes to detect thyroid nodule or tumors
53
adrenalectomy
excision of adrenal gland
54
hypophysectomy
excision of pituitary gland
55
pancreatectomy
excision of pancreas
56
parathyroidectomy
excision of parathyroid gland
57
thymectomy
excision of thymus gland
58
thyroidectomy
excision of thyroid gland
59
antihypoglycemis
drug that raises blood glucose
60
antithyroid drug
agent that blocks the production of thyroid hormones; used to treat hyperthyroidism
61
hormone replacement
drug that replaces a hormone deficiency
62
hypoglycemic
drug that lowers blood glucose
