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Anatomy Final Exam !!!! > Chapter 14 : Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 14 : Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the two ways to approach the nervous system?

A
  • structural breakdown

- functional breakdown

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1
Q

The __ is the bodies main communications and control system.

A

Nervous system

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2
Q

what are the main divisions of structural breakdown?

A

CNS (central nervous system)

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

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3
Q

What are the categories of functional breakdown?

A

sensory (incoming signals) vs. motor (outgoing signals)

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4
Q

What is the CNS composed of?

A
  • brain
  • brain stem
  • spinal cord
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5
Q

what is the role of the CNS?

A
  • information consolidation

- processing

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6
Q

what is the PNS composed of?

A
  • cranial nerves

- spinal nerves

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7
Q

what is the job of the PNS?

A

carry information to and from the CNS

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8
Q

sensroy neurons (arrive to/ come from) the CNS

A

arrive to the brain from the body

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9
Q

motor neurons (arrive to / come from) the CNS?

A

come from to the body

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10
Q

The __ transmits information from the CNS to the rest of the body, and sends motor information to effectors.

A

Motor nervous system

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11
Q

the __ are “voluntary” nervous systems that innervates skeletal muscle.

A

somatic motor

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12
Q

The __ are “involuntary” nervous systems that innervate cardiac muscle, sooth muscle and glands

A

Autonomic motor

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13
Q

Where does the motor nervous system come from?

A

The CNS

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14
Q

where do the somatic and autonomic motors come from?

A

The motor nervous system

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15
Q

The __ contains receptors and transmits information rom receptors to CNS.

A

sensory nervous system

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16
Q

The __ receives sensory information from skin, fascia, joints, skeletal muscle, special senses.

A

somatic sensory

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17
Q

The __ receives sensory information from the viscera.

A

visceral sensory.

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18
Q

The somatic and visceral sensory comes from what?

A

receptors

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19
Q

where does the sensory nervous system come from?

A

the somatic and visceral sensory

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20
Q

What are the two main classifications of cells in neural tissue?

A
  • neurons

- glial cells

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21
Q

__ generate and and carry electrical signals

A

neurons

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22
Q

__ perform various supportive functions such as protecting neuron, regulate inonic balance in tissue, immune functions, etc.

A

glial cells

23
Q

The __ is where the majority of cells mechanics resides, it is the where signal integration occurs

A

cell body / soma

24
Q

The __ is the receiving end of the neuron that collect electrical signals

A

Dendrites

25
Q

The __ is between the soma and the axon.

A

axon hillock

26
Q

The __ is for signal transmission by passing signals onto other cells by releasing neurotransmitters

A

axon

27
Q

This structure had a soma that sits between a receiving line of dendrites and and axon.

A

Bipolar neuron

28
Q

This structure has one line connected to the soma where information from dendrites comes in and signals leave the soma.

A

unipolar neuron

29
Q

This structure has a some with multiple dendrites connected to it along with an axon connected to the soma too.

A

multipolar neuron

30
Q

What are some examples of bipolar sensory neurons?

A

photoreceptors

olfactory receptors

31
Q

What are some examples of unipolar neurons?

A

hair cells
taste receptors
somatic sensory neurons
visceral sensory neurons

32
Q

What are some example of multipolar neurons?

A

skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
glands

33
Q

___ are cells that detect light

A

photoreceptor

34
Q

__ are cells that can detect odorants

A

olfactory receptors

35
Q

__ are cells that can detects fluid movements in the inner ear

A

hair cells

36
Q

what kind of receptors does the skin have?

A

touch receptors
pressure receptors
temperature receptors
pain receptors

37
Q

What kind of receptors do internal organs have?

A

stretch receptors
chemical receptors
temperature receptors
pain receptors

38
Q

What are some examples of somatic sensory neurons?

A 
photoreceptors
olfactory receptors
hair cells
taste receptors
various skin receptors 
skeletal muscle
39
Q

what are some examples of visceral sensory neurons?

A
  • internal organs (heart, stomach)
40
Q

what are some example of where autonomic sensory neurons are?

A

heart
stomach
glands (adrenal glands)

41
Q

Where are interneurons found?

A

between sensory neurons
between motor neurons
in spinal cord between sensory and motor neurons

42
Q

what are the types of receptors for sensory neurons?

A
  • somatic receptors

- visceral receptors

43
Q

what are the types of effectors for motor neurons?

A
  • somatic

- autonomic

44
Q

__ gather information about environment from body exterior.

A

somatic receptors

45
Q

__ gathers information about internal organs from inside body.

A

visceral receptors

46
Q

__ are classified as non-neural cells in nervous tissue.

A

neuroglia

47
Q

what are the different types of neuroglia cells?

A
  • astrocytes
  • ependymal cells
  • microglial cells
  • oligodendrocyte
  • neurolemmocytes
48
Q

an end foot is found on what kind of neuroglia cells?

A

astrocytes

49
Q

__ regulates the environment that neurons live in

A

astrocytes

50
Q

__ provide immune survalence and defense

A

microglial cells

51
Q

__ are a type of neuroglia found on brain or spinal cord tissue

A

ependymal cells

52
Q

__ are a type of neuroglia cells that are found around nerve fibers in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

53
Q

__ are a type of neuroglia cells that are found around nerve fibers.

A

neurolemmocytes

54
Q

which neuroglia cells are found in the CNS and which are found in the PNS?

A

CNS : astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglial cells , oligodendrocytes

PNS : neurolemmocytes

55
Q

__ surrounds axons of many (but not all) neurons and acts as insulation so signal travels faster and reduces interference from nearby axons

A

Myelin

Anatomy Final Exam !!!! (5 decks)

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